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. 2025 Feb;69(2):204–215. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.10.026

Table 3.

Characteristics of Western European Countries Proposed for the Benchmarking of Country-Specific Opioid Availability Data

Country DOME (kilograms) TNO per patient with SHS (morphine equivalents in miligrams) DOME per patient with SHS (morphine equivalents in miligrams) DOME%SHSNEED per patient with SHS (%)
Austria 4,543.56 2036.41 44,257.89 2,173.33
Belgium 3,051.12 2,033.92 21,253.67 1,044.96
Denmark 1,561.32 2,355.70 22,583.46 958.67
Finland 704.45 1,928.59 10,284.67 533.27
France 9,611.72 2,049.24 10,985.69 536.09
Germany 29,250.40 1,965.19 23,763.93 1,209.24
Greece 1,338.40 2,061.23 8,719.55 423.03
Iceland 112.79 2,070.44 36,452.12 1,760.60
Ireland 681.91 2,120.80 15,754.23 742.84
Italy 5,993.92 1,892.33 6,564.11 346.88
Luxembourg 81.22 2,175.14 14,135.47 649.86
Malta 5.33 2,031.29 1,192.60 58.71
Netherlands 4,801.84 2,105.40 22,349.92 1,061.55
Norway 1,222.26 2,127.83 22,670.62 1,065.43
Portugal 1,363.96 1,861.52 8,842.06 474.99
Spain 12,033.79 1,897.12 20,276.25 1,068.79
Sweden 1,970.14 2,071.60 16,943.07 817.87
Switzerland 2,430.24 1,905.68 25,661.84 1,346.60
United Kingdom 12,115.11 2,233.55 15,569.22 697.06
Average (19 countries) 92,873.85 2013.25 16529.90 821.05

DOME: Distributed Opioids in Morphine Equivalents procured by a country for retail distribution, medical use, or scientific research; TNO: estimated Total Opioid Need for pain and dyspnea related to SHS; DOME%SHSNEED: percent indicating the extent to which the opioid quantity expressed by DOME is less than, equal to, or more than the TNO; per patient with SHS: values normalized by population with SHS, as determined by the SHS measure.