Table 3. Mean (SD), factor loadings in confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency for each item of the overwork climate scale.

Item no.	Item	Min – Max	Baselinea		Follow-upb	Test-retest Reliabilityb
			Mean (SD)	Cronbach’s α	Mean (SD)	ICC	SEM	SDC
Overwork endorsement (7 items)			2.35 (0.88)	0.86	2.37 (0.88)	0.89	0.04	0.12
1	Almost everybody expects that employees perform overtime work.	1–5	2.82 (1.30)		2.72 (1.30)	0.81	0.08	0.23
2	Management encourages overtime work.	1–5	2.17 (1.14)		2.18 (1.13)	0.82	0.07	0.19
3	It is considered normal for employees to take work home.	1–5	1.80 (0.96)		1.83 (0.96)	0.74	0.06	0.18
4	Most employees work beyond their official work hours.	1–5	2.81 (1.29)		2.90 (1.28)	0.83	0.08	0.21
5	Performing overwork is important for being promoted.	1–5	2.15 (1.10)		2.25 (1.10)	0.77	0.07	0.20
6	It is considered normal to work on weekends.	1–5	2.25 (1.25)		2.33 (1.26)	0.72	0.09	0.26
7	It is difficult to take a day off or paid holidays.	1–5	2.43 (1.23)		2.38 (1.23)	0.85	0.07	0.19
Lacking overwork rewards (4 items)			2.68 (1.01)	0.80	2.68 (0.98)	0.82	0.06	0.16
8	Overtime work is fairly compensated by extra time off work or by other perks. (R)	1–5	2.75 (1.26)		2.67 (1.28)	0.63	0.10	0.28
9	Working overtime is fairly compensated financially. (R)	1–5	2.73 (1.29)		2.69 (1.24)	0.70	0.09	0.26
10	(Almost) nobody needs to do unpaid overtime work. (R)	1–5	2.42 (1.31)		2.44 (1.34)	0.77	0.09	0.24
11	A policy exists to restrict overtime work. (R)	1–5	2.82 (1.24)		2.91 (1.23)	0.76	0.08	0.23

a: n=302, b: n=169, SD: standard deviation; ICC: intra-class correlation; SEM: standard error of measurement; SDC: smallest detectable change; R: reverse coded.