. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 29.

Published in final edited form as: Matern Child Health J. 2023 Nov 4;28(1):135–143. doi: 10.1007/s10995-023-03818-x

Table 3.

Odds ratios: variables associated with participation in Minnesota WIC postpartum after adjustment for cultural identity

	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Primigravida vs Multigravida	0.82^*	0.75, 0.90
Urban vs Rural	0.66^*	0.60, 0.72
Gestational Diabetes	1.64^*	1.23, 2.18
Diabetes Mellitus	0.67^*	0.51, 0.89
Smoking	0.79^*	0.70, 0.89
Gestational Weight Gain
American Indian	1.08	0.90, 1.20
Asian/PI	0.83^*	0.68, 0.96
East African	1.24	0.99, 1.42
Hispanic	1.11	0.97, 1.18
Hmong	0.99	0.74, 1.21
Multigenerational Black	0.95	0.80, 1.03
Other Black	0.99	0.86, 1.07
White	1.04	0.98, 1.10

significant at 95% confidence level