Table 2.
Cox regression models for the associations between TyG-related indices and mortality in patients with HTN
| Indices | Groups | Number | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) P value | HR (95% CI) P value | HR (95% CI) P value | |||
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| TyG index | Continuous | N = 9432 | 1.195 (1.095–1.304) < 0.001 | 1.244 (1.134–1.364) < 0.001 | 1.131 (1.021–1.252) 0.018 |
| Q1 (< 8.39) | N = 2461 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [8.39–8.79) | N = 2338 | 1.204 (1.014–1.428) 0.034 | 1.053 (0.921–1.204) 0.448 | 1.017 (0.885–1.168) 0.817 | |
| Q3 [8.79–9.23) | N = 2310 | 1.104 (0.926–1.318) 0.270 | 1.023 (0.876–1.196) 0.773 | 0.937 (0.792–1.108) 0.444 | |
| Q4 (≥ 9.23) | N = 2323 | 1.347 (1.141–1.589) < 0.001 | 1.312 (1.112–1.549) 0.001 | 1.111 (0.928–1.331) 0.251 | |
| P for trend | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.418 | ||
| TyG–BMI | Continuous | N = 9432 | 0.997 (0.996–0.998) < 0.001 | 1.008 (1.005–1.011) < 0.001 | 1.005 (1.002–1.009) 0.002 |
| Q1 (< 223.94) | N = 2431 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [223.94–263.44) | N = 2481 | 0.755 (0.651–0.875) < 0.001 | 0.884 (0.744–1.050) 0.159 | 0.802 (0.673–0.956) 0.014 | |
| Q3 [263.44–311.77) | N = 2353 | 0.677 (0.584–0.785) < 0.001 | 1.029 (0.798–1.327) 0.826 | 0.864 (0.669–1.116) 0.264 | |
| Q4 (≥ 311.77) | N = 2167 | 0.591 (0.500–0.699) < 0.001 | 1.498 (1.073–2.090) 0.018 | 1.112 (0.780–1.586) 0.556 | |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | 0.153 | 0.865 | ||
| TyG–WC | Continuous | N = 9432 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) 0.834 | 1.002 (1.001–1.003) < 0.001 | 1.002 (1.001–1.002) < 0.001 |
| Q1 (< 806.88) | N = 2443 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [806.88–914.32) | N = 2467 | 0.880 (0.745–1.039) 0.131 | 0.930 (0.782–1.106) 0.414 | 0.868 (0.730–1.032) 0.109 | |
| Q3 [914.32–1038.15) | N = 2369 | 0.870 (0.740–1.022) 0.090 | 1.063 (0.851–1.329) 0.591 | 0.939 (0.751–1.174) 0.582 | |
| Q4 (≥ 1038.15) | N = 2153 | 0.993 (0.827–1.193) 0.941 | 1.785 (1.338–2.382) < 0.001 | 1.435 (1.055–1.952) 0.022 | |
| P for trend | 0.853 | < 0.001 | 0.052 | ||
| TyG–WHtR | Continuous | N = 9432 | 1.072 (1.009–1.140) 0.025 | 1.525 (1.356–1.715) < 0.001 | 1.417 (1.250–1.608) < 0.001 |
| Q1 (< 4.80) | N = 2274 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [4.80–5.44) | N = 2368 | 0.955 (0.816–1.116) 0.560 | 0.973 (0.841–1.125) 0.709 | 0.935 (0.804–1.086) 0.376 | |
| Q3 [5.44–6.16) | N = 2466 | 1.092 (0.912–1.307) 0.337 | 1.249 (0.997–1.566) 0.053 | 1.142 (0.908–1.435) 0.257 | |
| Q4 (≥ 6.16) | N = 2324 | 1.156 (0.977–1.369) 0.092 | 2.041 (1.597–2.608) < 0.001 | 1.677 (1.288–2.184) < 0.001 | |
| P for trend | 0.045 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||
| TyG index | Continuous | N = 9432 | 1.259 (1.088–1.457) 0.002 | 1.336 (1.128–1.582) < 0.001 | 1.207 (1.005–1.449) 0.044 |
| Q1 (< 8.39) | N = 2461 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [8.39–8.79) | N = 2338 | 1.268 (0.972–1.656) 0.081 | 1.104 (0.855–1.427) 0.447 | 1.059 (0.820–1.368) 0.661 | |
| Q3 [8.79–9.23) | N = 2310 | 1.218 (0.949–1.565) 0.122 | 1.138 (0.892–1.453) 0.298 | 1.031 (0.811–1.310) 0.804 | |
| Q4 (≥ 9.23) | N = 2323 | 1.514 (1.150–1.993) 0.003 | 1.501 (1.127–1.998) 0.005 | 1.254 (0.930–1.691) 0.137 | |
| P for trend | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.168 | ||
| TyG–BMI | Continuous | N = 9432 | 0.998 (0.997–1.000) 0.028 | 1.010 (1.005–1.016) < 0.001 | 1.007 (1.001–1.013) 0.016 |
| Q1 (< 223.94) | N = 2431 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [223.94–263.44) | N = 2481 | 0.740 (0.589–0.931) 0.010 | 0.860 (0.631–1.172) 0.339 | 0.775 (0.560–1.073) 0.125 | |
| Q3 [263.44–311.77) | N = 2353 | 0.730 (0.579–0.920) 0.008 | 1.139 (0.742–1.749) 0.552 | 0.945 (0.604–1.479) 0.805 | |
| Q4 (≥ 311.77) | N = 2167 | 0.717 (0.551–0.934) 0.014 | 1.921 (0.995–3.709) 0.052 | 1.401 (0.700–2.803) 0.341 | |
| P for trend | 0.012 | 0.133 | 0.588 | ||
| TyG–WC | Continuous | N = 9432 | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) 0.176 | 1.002 (1.001–1.003) < 0.001 | 1.002 (1.000–1.003) 0.011 |
| Q1 (< 806.88) | N = 2443 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [806.88–914.32) | N = 2467 | 0.894 (0.707–1.132) 0.353 | 0.866 (0.662–1.132) 0.292 | 0.799 (0.608–1.051) 0.109 | |
| Q3 [914.32–1038.15) | N = 2369 | 0.871 (0.678–1.120) 0.282 | 0.958 (0.670–1.371) 0.815 | 0.834 (0.568–1.224) 0.354 | |
| Q4 (≥ 1038.15) | N = 2153 | 1.157 (0.889–1.506) 0.279 | 1.783 (1.159–2.742) 0.009 | 1.404 (0.865–2.278) 0.170 | |
| P for trend | 0.359 | 0.021 | 0.286 | ||
| TyG–WHtR | Continuous | N = 9432 | 1.148 (1.045–1.261) 0.004 | 1.609 (1.351–1.917) < 0.001 | 1.481 (1.217–1.802) < 0.001 |
| Q1 (< 4.80) | N = 2274 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | |
| Q2 [4.80–5.44) | N = 2368 | 1.008 (0.768–1.322) 0.955 | 0.965 (0.727–1.281) 0.804 | 0.917 (0.691–1.218) 0.551 | |
| Q3 [5.44–6.16) | N = 2466 | 1.252 (0.964–1.626) 0.092 | 1.340 (0.951–1.888) 0.094 | 1.210 (0.845–1.732) 0.298 | |
| Q4 (≥ 6.16) | N = 2324 | 1.392 (1.055–1.835) 0.019 | 2.257 (1.435–3.550) < 0.001 | 1.812 (1.114–2.948) 0.017 | |
| P for trend | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.017 | ||
Bold values indicate statistical significance. A P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance
BMI Body mass index; CI Confidence interval; DM Diabetes mellitus; eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR Hazard ratio; HTN Hypertension; TC Total cholesterol; TyG Triglyceride–glucose; WC Waist circumference; WHtR Waist-to-height ratio
Model 1: No covariates were adjusted for
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, and BMI
Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, BMI, stroke status, DM status, TC levels, and the eGFR