Table 2.

Odds ratio of adverse health behaviours and obesity in relation to loneliness

	Model 1			Model 2
	OR	(95% CI)	p-value	AOR	(95% CI)	p-value
Daily smoking
Not lonely (ref.)	1.00			1.00
Lonely	1.57	(1.47–1.68)	< 0.0001	1.30	(1.21–1.40)	< 0.0001
High alcohol consumption
Not lonely (ref.)	1.00			1.00
Lonely	0.83	(0.77–0.90)	< 0.0001	0.91	(0.83–0.98)	0.0197
Physical inactive
Not lonely (ref.)	1.00			1.00
Lonely	1.82	(1.72–1.94)	< 0.0001	1.87	(1.75–1.99)	< 0.0001
Unhealthy dietary intake
Not lonely (ref.)	1.00			1.00
Lonely	1.70	(1.59–1.81)	< 0.0001	1.58	(1.47–1.70)	< 0.0001
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)
Not lonely (ref.)	1.00			1.00
Lonely	1.49	(1.40–1.59)	< 0.0001	1.60	(1.49–1.72)	< 0.0001

Note: Not lonely = T-ILS score < 7

Lonely = T-ILS score ≥ 7

Model 1: Crude. OR = Odds ratio

Model 2: Adjusted. AOR = Adjusted odds ratio. Adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, country of origin, and partnership status (all included in the regression models as indicator variables)