Table 3. Pain occurrence (%) and average pain scores at baseline and post intervention for both groups.

	Intervention group (n=16)		Control group (n=8)		Group difference post intervention (χ2)
	Baseline	Post intervention*	Baseline	Post intervention†
	N (%)/median (IQR)	N (%)/median (IQR)	N (%)/median (IQR)	N (%)/median (IQR)	Χ2 (df)	P value
Shoulder pain (yes/no)	3 (19%)	6 (40%)	1 (13%)	2 (40%)	Χ2 (1) = 0.07	0.787
Shoulder pain VAS-max	7 (2.5)	7 (3.5)	3	7.5 (0.5)
Shoulder pain VAS-av	3 (3.5)	4 (4.3)	3	3.5 (3.5)
Elbow pain (yes/no)	0 (0%)	1 (6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	Χ2 (1) = 0.35	0.554
Elbow pain VAS-max	N/A	9	N/A	N/A
Elbow pain VAS-av	N/A	8	N/A	N/A
Wrist pain (yes/no)	1 (6%)	4 (27%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	Χ2 (1) = 1.67	0.197
Wrist pain VAS-max	7	7 (2.3)	N/A	N/A
Wrist pain VAS-av	6	1.5 (4.3)	N/A	N/A
Pain—any other location (yes/no)‡	1 (6%)§	3 (20%)¶	0 (0%)	1 (20%)**	Χ2 (1) = 0.00	1.000
Pain—any other location; VAS-max	5	8 (3.5)	N/A	2
Pain—any other location; VAS-av	4	3 (3.5)	N/A	N/A††

^*1One missing case.

^†3Three missing cases.

^‡“’Pain— - any other location’ concerns pain reported for either the upper- arm, lower- arm, hand, fingers, neck or trunk. Shown here is the number of participants thatwho experienced pain at any (or multiple) of these locations. Subdivision was as follows.

^§Upper arm and fingers (n=1).

^¶Unspecified pain in lower back (n=1), Tthumb (n=1), Hhand (n=1).

^**Neck (n=1).

^††Participant found it difficult to rate average pain.

VAS-av, Visual Analogue Scale (average pain over last 24 hours)VAS-max, Visual Analogue Scale (worst level of pain)