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. 2025 Jan 28;15(1):e086212. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086212

Table 5. Probabilities of the third mode of birth based on birth patterns including first and second mode of birth of the total population (n=44 677).

Probability third birth is vag Probability third birth is instr Probability third birth is ElCS Probability third birth is EmCS
% (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
Women with two births
Vag-vag 93.2 (92.9 to 93.5) 1.6 (1.4 to 1.7) 3.1 (2.9 to 3.3) 2.1 (1.9 to 2.3)
Vag-instr 78.1 (74.3 to 81.5) 10.7 (8.2 to 13.7) 5.3 (3.6 to 7.6) 5.9 (4.1 to 8.3)
Vag-elCS 30.6 (27.5 to 33.8) 2.4 (1.4 to 3.6) 58.9 (55.5 to 62.2) 8.1 (6.4 to 10.2)
Vag-emCS 33.6 (29.6 to 37.9) 1.9 (0.9 to 3.4 50.5 (46.1 to 54.8) 14.0 (11.1 to 17.2)
Instr-vag 89.0 (88.3 to 89.7) 4.9 (4.4 to 5.4) 3.6 (3.2 to 4.1) 2.5 (2.2 to 2.9)
Instr-instr 64.9 (61.7 to 68.0) 21.1 (18.4 to 23.9) 9.2 (7.4 to 11.3) 4.8 (3.5 to 6.4)
Instr-elCS 12.5 (10.1 to 15.3) 2.6 (1.5 to 4.2) 73.8 (70.2 to 77.1) 11.1 (8.8 to 13.8)
Instr-emCS 17.0 (13.2 to 21.4) 7.0 (4.6 to 10.3) 66.3 (61.0 to 71.3) 9.7 (6.8 to 13.3)
elCS-vag 73.1 (64.2 to 80.8) 4.2 (1.4 to 9.5) 16.0 (9.9 to 23.8) 6.7 (2.9 to 12.8)
elCS-instr 59.3 (45.0 to 72.4) 11.1 (4.2 to 22.6) 24.1 (13.5 to 37.6) 5.5 (1.2 to 15.4)
elCS-elCS 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) 0.1 (0.0 to 0.5) 93.6 (92.2 to 94.9) 5.5 (4.3 to 6.8)
elCS-emCS 2.2 (0.7 to 5.0) 0.9 (0.1 to 3.1) 79.4 (73.5 to 84.4) 17.5 (12.8 to 23.1)
emCS-vag 70.0 (66.7 to 73.1) 4.4 (3.1 to 6.1) 17.9 (15.3 to 20.7) 7.7 (5.9 to 9.7)
emCS-instr 54.9 (50.3 to 59.5) 12.2 (9.4 to 15.5) 23.5 (19.7 to 27.6) 9.4 (6.9 to 12.4)
emCS-emCS 1.7 (1.0 to 2.6) 0.6 (0.2 to 1.2) 79.4 (77.0 to 81.7) 18.3 (16.2 to 20.7)
emCS-elCS 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) 0.3 (0.2 to 0.6) 90.9 (90.0 to 91.8) 7.8 (7.0 to 8.6)

elCSelective caesarean sectionemCSemergency caesarean sectionInstrinstrumental vaginal birth with assistance of a forceps or a vacuum devicevagspontaneous vaginal birth