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. 2025 Jan 11;11(2):e41901. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41901

Table 2.

Detailed results of the peak muscle forces between those with CAI, copers and healthy controls during single leg jump landing.

Muscle force parameters (BW) Group
F P-value ES
CAI
Mean (SD)
Copers
Mean (SD)
Healthy
Mean (SD)
Gluteus medius 1.57 ± 0.33 1.31 ± 0.21 1.21 ± 0.26 14.681 <0.001 0.534
Gluteus maximus 2.67 ± 0.58 2.37 ± 0.36 2.17 ± 0.43 9.482 0.001 0.164
Vastus medialis 1.25 ± 0.16 1.18 ± 0.17 1.22 ± 0.19 1.173 0.314 0.024
Vastus lateralis 2.07 ± 0.39 1.87 ± 0.25 1.60 ± 0.28 21.424 <0.001 0.265
Medial gastrocnemius 1.07 ± 0.20 1.18 ± 0.19 0.99 ± 0.14 8.645 <0.001 0.458
Lateral gastrocnemius 0.36 ± 0.08 0.35 ± 0.06 0.34 ± 0.05 1.164 0.317 0.023
Soleus 3.92 ± 0.62 3.77 ± 0.53 4.12 ± 0.51 3.175 <0.05 0.064
Peroneus longus 0.19 ± 0.04 0.18 ± 0.02 0.15 ± 0.04 15.468 <0.001 0.258
Tibialis anterior 0.25 ± 0.03 0.24 ± 0.03 0.26 ± 0.04 2.599 0.080 0.007

Note: SD: standard deviation; ES: effect size; BW: body weight; CAI: chronic ankle instability.