Table 1.
Clinical study of nanomedicine in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
| CNS Disease | nanoformulations | Nanocarrier | Mode of administration | Clinical Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease | APH-1105 | Intranasal nanoparticles | Intranasal | Phase II |
| Parkinson's Disease | CNM-Au8 | Gold nanocrystals | Oral | Phase II |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Copaxone®/Glatopa (Teva) | Polymer NP | Subcutaneous injection | FDA (1996) |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Plegridy® (Biogen) | Polymer NP (PEGylated IFN-β-1a) | Subcutaneous injection | FDA (2014) |
| GBM | EDV-doxorubicin | EDV-doxorubicin + radiation | Intranasal | Phase I |
| GBM | Interleukin-12 | Semliki forest virus vector carrying the human interleukin-12 gene | Intravenous | Phase I, II |
| GBM | Ferumoxytol | Iron oxide NPs | Intravenous | Phase II |
| GBM | Nanothermotherapy | Thermotherapy and magnetic iron-oxide NPs + reduced dose radiotherapy | Intrathecal | Phase II |
| GBM | Doxil®/Caelyx® | Doxorubicin HSPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG2000 | Intravenous | Phase II |
| GBM | SGT-53 (SynerGene Therapeutics) | Cationic liposome with anti-transferrin antibody | Intravenous | Phase II |
| GBM | 5-fluorouracil | 5-fluorouracil-releasing microspheres | Intravenous | Phase II |
| GBM | Caelyx, PEG-Dox | Pegylated liposomal DOX | Phase II | |
| GBM | PEG-Dox | Temozolomide (TMZ) and Pegylated liposomal DOX | Oral | Phase II |
| GBM | Nanotherm® (MagForce) | Inorganic and metallic nanoparticles | Intravenous injection | FDA (2010) |
| GBM | Paclitaxel polyglutamate (Opaxio) | Paclitaxel covalently linked to solid lipid NPs | Intravenous | FDA (2014) |