Table 6.

Recent studies on biomimetic nanoparticles to breach the blood-brain barrier for central nervous system disorders.

Biomimetic material	inspiration	Model drug	Use	Refs
MNPs@TMZ + cispt	cancer cells readily pass the BBB and localize with homologous cells	TMZ; cispt	GBM	[301]
PP@PCL	the rapid BBB penetrability of 4T1 tumor cells upon their brain metastasis and natural roles of platelet in targeting injured vasculatures	Paeonol; polymetformin	ischemic stroke	[302]
RFA NPs	a folate-modified erythrocyte-cancer cell-macrophage hybrid membrane as the shell	lomitapide	GBM	[303]
ptHDL/siHIF-ICG	the natural structure and properties of HDL	HIF-1α siRNA	glioma	[304]
SR717@RGE-HFn NPs	As a natural iron storage protein, ferritin shows excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability	non-nucleotide STING agonist (SR717)	glioma	[305]
TGN-RBC-NPs-Cur	The complete RBC membrane is coated on the surface of NPs, so that RBC-NPS has both the physical and chemical properties of synthetic materials and the complex biological functions of endogenous materials	Cur	glioma	[306]
macrophage cell membrane cloaked biomimetic nanomedicines	/	JQ1	GBM	[307]
IL-12 mRNA@cRGD-CM-CaCO3NPs	Biomimetic calcium carbonate nanoparticles delivered IL-12 mRNA	IL-12	GBM	[308]
R-NKm@NP	a Trojan-horse-like nanoparticle system	TMZ; IL-15	GBM	[309]
M-NPs@G	cancer cell-mitochondria hybrid membrane	gboxin	GBM	[310]
an neural stem cell membrane -coated Apt 19S-conjugated BBB penetrable NP	/	antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)	PD	[311]
Biomimetic Macrophage Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles	Macrophage membrane camouflage nanoparticles can reduce the clearance of mononuclear phagocyte system, showing immune camouflage.	Small activating RNA ALOX15	GBM	[300]
RVG/TPP- maslns	macrophage membranes camouflaged the SLNs from being eliminated by RES-rich organs by inheriting the immunological characteristics of macrophages	antioxidants	AD	[312]