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. 2025 Jan 16;11(2):e41995. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41995

Table 7.

Result of ARDL short and long run model.






Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
Short-Run Result by Using Error Correction Model

Constant 0.026 0.002 13.000 0.000
Ex (1) −0.903 0.069 −13.087 0.000
FDI 0.092 0.130 0.708 0.131
FDI (−1) 0.035 0.001 35.000 0.002
SR −0.033 0.013 −2.538 0.014
LNFUEL 0.009 0.004 2.250 0.011
REM −0.007 0.084 −0.083 0.187
REM (−1) −0.036 0.014 −2.571 0.014
INF −0.002 0.003 −0.667 0.269
INF (−1) −0.006 0.008 −0.750 0.218

Long-Run

C −0.025 0.09 −0.278 0.005
FDI 0.034 0.009 3.778 0.002
SR −0.039 0.016 −2.438 0.016
LNFUEL 0.017 0.007 2.429 0.011
REM −0.012 0.007 −1.714 0.061
INF −0.016 0.023 −0.696 0.213

R-squared 0.452
Adjusted R-squared 0.443
F-statistic 20.341
Probe(F-statistic) 0.000
Durbin-Watson stat 2.875

Selected Model: ARDL (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)