Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with urinary tract infection among women with established preterm labor at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (N = 385)
| Variable | Category | Urine Culture results | cOR (95%CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative UTI (n = 271) (%) | Positive UTI (n = 114) (%) | ||||
| Age | < 20 | 28(75.68) | 9(24.32) | Ref | |
| 20–29 | 162(71.05) | 66(28.95) | 1.30(0.57–2.83) | 0.563 | |
| 30–39 | 74(68.52) | 34(31.48) | 1.41(0.61–3.36) | 0.412 | |
| ≥ 40 | 7(58.33) | 5(41.67) | 2.23(0.56–8.76) | 0.254 | |
| Residence | Urban | 77(74.04) | 27(25.96) | Ref | |
| Rural | 194(69.04) | 87(30.96) | 1.30(0.77–2.12) | 0.341 | |
| Level of education | No formal | 9(45.00) | 11(55.00) | 7.31(2.01–26.73) | 0.003 |
| Primary | 86(64.66) | 47(35.34) | 3.32(1.19–9.01) | 0.021 | |
| Secondary | 146(74.11) | 51(25.89) | 2.13(0.77–5.69) | 0.147 | |
| Tertiary | 30(85.71) | 5(14.29) | Ref | ||
| Marital status | Not married | 28(71.79) | 11(28.21) | Ref | |
| Married | 243(70.23) | 103(29.77) | 1.12(0.52–2.25) | 0.839 | |
| Occupation | Formal employee | 80(76.92) | 24(23.08) | Ref | |
| Unemployed | 124(62.94) | 73(37.06) | 2.01(1.14–3.37) | 0.014 | |
| Informal | 67(79.76) | 17(20.24) | 0.82(0.42–1.70) | 0.640 | |
| Monthly income | ≥ 500,000Ugx | 77(79.38) | 20(20.62) | Ref | |
| < 500,000Ugx | 194(67.36) | 94(32.64) | 1.90(1.08–3.23) | 0.026 | |
| Obstetric characteristics | |||||
| History of an abortion | No | 205(71.68) | 81(28.32) | Ref | |
| Yes | 66(66.67) | 33(33.33) | 1.30(0.77–2.07) | 0.347 | |
| History of UTI | No | 203(78.68) | 55(21.32) | Ref | |
| Yes | 68(53.54) | 59(46.46) | 3.20(2.02–5.07) | < 0.001 | |
| Parity | < 1 | 106(76.81) | 32(23.19) | Ref | |
| ≥ 1 | 165(66.80) | 82(33.20) | 1.62(1.02–2.65) | 0.040 | |
| Gestation age (weeks) | Extreme | 147(85.47) | 25(14.53) | Ref | |
| Very | 64(72.73) | 24(27.27) | 2.20(1.17–4.15) | 0.014 | |
| Moderate | 28(50.91) | 27(49.09) | 5.72(2.88–11.17) | < 0.001 | |
| Late | 32(45.71) | 38(54.29) | 7.01(3.701–13.15) | < 0.001 | |
| Medical characteristics | |||||
| Diabetes | No | 255(72.86) | 95(27.14) | Ref | |
| Yes | 16(45.71) | 19(54.29) | 3.20(1.57–6.45) | 0.001 | |
| Hypertension | No | 251(70.90) | 103(29.48) | Ref | |
| Yes | 20(64.52) | 11(35.48) | 1.32(0.62–2.90) | 0.456 | |
| HIV status | Negative | 262(71.78) | 103(28.22) | Ref | |
| Positive | 9(45.00) | 11(55.00) | 3.11(1.25–7.72) | 0.015 | |
cOR: crude odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, bolded P value is P < 0.2, Ugx: Ugandan shillings