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. 2025 Feb 4;15:4261. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88297-6

Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression model.

Variable OR (95% C.I.) p-value
Age (years) 1.059 (1.048,1.071) < 0.001
rcs(PSA, 5) PSA 1.579 (1.355,1.850) < 0.001
rcs(PSA, 5) PSA’ 2.150 × 10− 7 (1.662 × 10− 11,2.425 × 10− 3) 0.001
rcs(PSA, 5) PSA’’ 3.449 × 1015 (7.171 × 104,2.148 × 1026) 0.004
rcs(PSA, 5) PSA’’’ 1.111 × 10− 10 (7.608 × 10− 19,1.464 × 10− 2) 0.016
PV 0.974 (0.971, 0.977) < 0.001
DRE (suspicious) 2.599 (2.133,3.170) < 0.001
FH (yes) 1.673 (1.227,2.278) 0.001
PNB (yes) 0.696 (0.579,0.835) < 0.001
PI-RADS 2:1 1.279 (0.690,2.301) 0.421
PI-RADS 3:1 1.839 (1.288,2.662) < 0.001
PI-RADS 4:1 6.755 (4.882,9.520) < 0.001
PI-RADS 5:1 18.758 (12.994,27.515) < 0.001

rcs restricted cubic spline, PSA prostate specific antigen, PV prostate volume, PSAD PSA density, DRE digital rectal exam findings, FH family history of PCa, PNB previous negative biopsy.