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. 2025 Feb 4;15:4169. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88155-5

Table 6.

Detoxifcation results of PCDD/Fs in low-temperature thermal treatment.

Temperature ( ℃) Atmosphere Time PCDD/Fs content of original fly ash (I-TEQ) PCDD/Fs content after detoxification (I-TEQ) DE (%) References
350 Anoxia 1 h 0.6 ng/g 0.002 ng/g 99.7 12
340 Nitrogen 6 h 325 ng/g 6.825 ng/g 97.9 13
450 Low oxygen 1 h 3.2 g/kg Less than 0.05 μg/kg Higher than 98.5 14
400 Nitrogen 45 min 8.980 ng/g 0.0104 ng/g 99.9 15
500 Air 30 min 4.3 g/kg 0.3 μg/kg 93.1 16
300 Nitrogen 30 min 24.1 ng/kg 4.82 ng/kg 80 17
350 Nitrogen 1 h 0.44 ng/g 0.098 ng/g 77.8 18
350 Nitrogen 15 min 1575.2 pg/g 594.7 pg/g 62.2 19