Table 2.
Summary of characteristics and electrochemical performance of the inorganic-coated separators
| Separator | Coating thickness (μm) | Porositya | Coating mass fraction | Electrolyte contact angle | Electrolyte uptake | Ionic conductivity (mS cm–1) at RT | Cyclic performance | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inorganic ceramics | ||||||||
| PE/WCDA-SiO2 | –b | – | – | – | 310% | 0.32 | 73.3% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (original) 81.6% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [47] |
| PP/SiO2 | 6 | – | 20% | < 10° | – | – | – | [48] |
| PE/SiO2 | 10 | – | – | – | – | 0.61 | 73% after 200 cycles at 0.5C (original) 77% after 200 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [49] |
| PP/SiO2/Al2O3 | – | – | – | – | 120% | 0.78 | – | [50] |
| PP/SiO2/Al2O3 | – | – | – | 21.7° (H2O) | – | – | 64.7% after 400 cycles at 1C (original) 90.9% after 400 cycles at 1C (modified) | [51] |
| PIC/Al2O3 | – | – | – | 0° | – | 1.64 | – | [52] |
| PP/SiO2 | 6 | – | 0° | 346% | 0.63 | 80.6% after 100 cycles at 1C (original) 87.4% after 100 cycles at 1C (modified) | [53] | |
| PP/Al(OH)3 | – | 84% | – | – | 127% | 1.00 | – | [54] |
| PE/AlOOH | 1.15 | – | – | – | – | 6.56 | 94.6% after 100 cycles at 1C (original) 96.3% after 100 cycles at 1C (modified) | [55] |
| PE/N-SiO2 | 2.5 | – | 51.3° (H2O) | 195% | 0.81 | 88.5% after 200 cycles at 0.1C (modified) | [56] | |
| PVDF/SiO2/Al2O3 | 0.2 | 68.1% | – | 18.9° | 468% | 2.24 | 71.6% after 100 cycles at 0.2C (PP) 86.4% after 100 cycles at 0.2C (modified) | [57] |
| PVDF/Al2O3/SiO2 | – | 61.8% | – | 18.3° | 366% | 2.06 | 78.4% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (PE) 81.3% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [58] |
| PI/SiO2/Al2O3 | 5 | 89.8% | – | – | 519% | 2.92 | 95.58% after 250 cycles at 5C (PP) 98.76% after 250 cycles at 5C (modified) | [59] |
| PE/Al2O3/HNTs | 3 | – | – | 9° | 281% | 0.67 | 84.4% after 200 cycles at 0.2C (original) 83.4% after 200 cycles at 0.2C (modified) | [60] |
| PE/Al2O3 | 3 | 31.7% | – | 4.21° | 170% | 1.16 | 82.2% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (original) 91.5% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [61] |
| PP/Al2O3/TiO2 | 10 | – | – | 15° | – | – | – | [62] |
| PET/LLZO | – | 50% | 87% | 19.6° | – | 2.80 | – | [63] |
| PVA/ZrO2 | – | 73% | – | 21.6° | 420% | 2.19 | 90% after 200 cycles at 0.2C (PE) 97% after 200 cycles at 0.2C (modified) | [64] |
| PE/SnO2 | 2.7 | – | – | 46.5° (H2O) | 119% | 0.72 | – | [65] |
| PP/Zeolite 4A | 10 | 58% | – | 0° | 270% | 2.25 | 83.4% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (original) 96.2% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [66] |
| PE/Si–O-Al2O3 | – | – | – | – | 269% | 0.68 | 16.0% after 400 cycles at 0.5C (original) 54.1% after 1000 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [67] |
| Carbon-based nanomaterials | ||||||||
| PP/DLC | 2.9 | – | – | 29° | – | 0.69 | 71% after 1000 cycles at 5C (modified) | [68] |
| PP/LNS/CB | 3.5 | – | – | 0° | – | 0.59 | 86% after 500 cycles at 1C (modified) | [69] |
| PP/GO | – | – | – | 15° (H2O) | – | 0.60 | – | [70] |
| PP/SFGS | 20 | – | – | 54.4° (H2O) | – | – | – | [71] |
| ANF/rGOF | 15 ~ 20 | – | – | – | – | – | 89.07% after 2000 cycles at 50 C (modified) | [72] |
| PP/rGO/BNNSs | 9.5 | – | – | 10.97° | – | – | 92.3% after 500 cycles at 4 C (modified) | [73] |
| PP/rGO/Li-Al-LDH | 12 | – | – | 0° | 233% | 0.74 | 95.76% after 250 cycles at 1C (modified) | [74] |
| PP/Fe3N@NG | – | – | – | 5.23° | 116% | 0.70 | – | [75] |
| PP/CFs | 15 | – | – | 0° | – | – | 48.7% after 500 cycles at 0.5C (original) 64.5% after 500 cycles at 0.5C (modified) | [76] |
| ANF/ NiFe2O4-OCNT | 1.6 | – | – | 17.6° | 253% | 2.21 | 72% after 1000 cycles at 1C (modified) | [77] |
| Others | ||||||||
| PP/CuS/graphene | 20 | – | – | 0° | – | – | 62.1% after 200 cycles at 1C (modified) | [78] |
| PP/h-BN | 2 | – | – | 15.7° | – | – | – | [79] |
| PI/hBN | 3 | 44.5% | – | 7.2° | 63% | – | 73% after 300 cycles at 1C (PP) 79% after 300 cycles at 1C (modified) | [80] |
a “Porosity” is the entire separator’s, instead of the coating’s. b “–” means not mentioned