Table 2.

Coding framework

Domain/construct	Major themes	Subthemes
Nature of the problem	Experiences of HIV and TB patients	• Increased workload for health workers • Side effects and burden of HIV and TB drugs • High failure rates of adherence to TB/HIV drugs
HIV/TB Interventions	Relative advantage of intergration Compatibility of services integration	• Benefits of integrating HIV/TB services • Compatibility with one’s job
Adoption System	Role of stakeholders in services integration	• Role of volunteers and NGOs • supportive hospital management and leadership • Poor attitude of health care workers
Health Systems Characteristics	Support and coordination among stakeholders Availability of supplies and resources	• Strong relationship among stakeholders (i.e., volunteers, NGOs and health workers) • Availability of medical technologies • Provision of incentives (trainings, capacity building) • Availability of monitoring and evaluation of services • Availability of demand generating activities (i.e., campaign awareness) • Structural challenges • Lack of financial support • Shortage of commodities and supplies • Shortage of health care workers affecting staff motivation
Broad Contextual Factors	Impact of broad context issues, i.e., political will, pandemics and natural disasters	• Availability of political will • Impact of religious, sociocultural and economic factors • Effects of pandemics such as covid-19 and natural disasters like cyclone Freddy