TABLE 2.

Weight, waist, muscle thickness, and subcutaneous fat of the medial deltoid, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius in the cross section and longitudinal plane during 12 wk of habitual physical activity (CON, n = 25) or a supervised low-impact resistance training program (EXC, n = 45) in pre- (PRE), peri- (PERI), and post- (POST) menopausal females.

	Week 0		Week 4		Week 8		Week 12
	CON	EXC	CON	EXC	CON	EXC	CON	EXC
Weight (kg)
PRE	64.9 ± 10.8	66.8 ± 6.6	65.4 ± 10.9	67.0 ± 6.5	65.8 ± 11.3	67.1 ± 6.3	65.3 ± 11.5	66.9 ± 6.3
PERI	67.5 ± 6.7	65.5 ± 8.5	66.8 ± 7.1	65.5 ± 8.5	67.1 ± 7.3	65.1 ± 8.4	67.3 ± 8.1	65.9 ± 8.7
POST	65.1 ± 8.7	66.2 ± 7.8	65.4 ± 8.9	66.1 ± 7.8	65.1 ± 8.8	66.1 ± 7.8	64.7 ± 8.9	65.7 ± 8.2
Combined	65.6 ± 8.7	66.3 ± 7.3	65.8 ± 8.9	66.4 ± 7.3	65.8 ± 9.0	66.3 ± 7.3	65.5 ± 9.3	66.2 ± 7.4
Waist (cm)
PRE	72.4 ± 4.1	74.2 ± 5.3	75.0 ± 5.6	76.2 ± 5.8	74.3 ± 5.0	76.3 ± 5.8	72.2 ± 6.5	74.5 ± 5.1
PERI	76.9 ± 6.3	75.2 ± 8.1	76.6 ± 6.5	75.0 ± 7.4	75.6 ± 5.3	75.5 ± 7.0	75.6 ± 8.2	74.8 ± 8.0
POST	74.8 ± 5.7	74.9 ± 6.5	75.7 ± 6.5	75.7 ± 8.0	74.7 ± 5.0	76.0 ± 7.0	73.9 ± 6.5	74.6 ± 8.2
Combined	74.5 ± 5.4	74.7 ± 6.2	75.7 ± 6.0	75.7 ± 6.9	74.8 ± 4.9	76.0 ± 6.4	73.7 ± 6.7	74.6 ± 6.8
Lean mass (kg)
PRE	39.0 ± 3.8	41.7 ± 4.5	n/a	42.1 ± 4.9	n/a	42.0 ± 4.6	39.2 ± 4.4	42.5 ± 4.8
PERI	41.7 ± 0.41	40.4 ± 4.6	n/a	40.4 ± 4.8	n/a	39.9 ± 4.3	41.0 ± 3.1	40.6 ± 5.0
POST	40.3 ± 3.1	39.7 ± 4.3	n/a	40.3 ± 4.4	n/a	40.4 ± 4.4	40.4 ± 3.6	40.7 ± 4.7
Combined	40.0 ± 3.4	40.8 ± 4.4	n/a	41.1 ± 4.6	n/a	41.1 ± 4.4	40.0 ± 3.7	41.5 ± 4.6a
Body fat (%)
PRE	36.6 ± 5.5	31.4 ± 6.9	n/a	31.0 ± 7.2	n/a	31.1 ± 7.7	35.5 ± 5.8	30.6 ± 7.4
PERI	36.4 ± 0.8	36.4 ± 7.4	n/a	35.9 ± 7.8	n/a	36.3 ± 7.0	35.7 ± 3.1	37.0 ± 7.7
POST	37.2 ± 4.8	36.5 ± 9.5	n/a	35.6 ± 9.0	n/a	35.2 ± 9.5	35.3 ± 4.9	35.3 ± 9.5
Combined	36.8 ± 4.5	34.1 ± 8.2	n/a	33.5 ± 8.0	n/a	33.5 ± 8.3	35.5 ± 4.8	33.4 ± 8.4
Cross-sectional plane muscle thickness (mm)
Medial deltoid (mm)
PRE	23.7 ± 2.5	23.4 ± 2.5	22.1 ± 2.5	22.9 ± 3.9	22.7 ± 3.8	23.5 ± 5.3	22.1 ± 3.5	23.3 ± 3.0
PERI	22.0 ± 3.3	21.5 ± 3.4	21.4 ± 5.2	21.7 ± 2.9	20.4 ± 2.9	23.3 ± 3.3	22.0 ± 4.4	24.6 ± 2.7
POST	21.9 ± 2.9	22.2 ± 4.1	22.3 ± 3.0	21.8 ± 2.7	22.2 ± 3.4	23.2 ± 3.9	21.2 ± 3.2	21.6 ± 3.4
Combined	22.5 ± 2.9	22.6 ± 3.4	22.0 ± 3.4	22.2 ± 3.3	21.9 ± 3.4	23.4 ± 4.4	21.7 ± 3.5	22.9 ± 3.3
Rectus femoris (mm)
PRE	18.7 ± 3.0	19.9 ± 2.8	18.3 ± 2.6	19.7 ± 2.9	19.3 ± 2.9	20.8 ± 3.6	18.0 ± 3.4	20.6 ± 4.1
PERI	18.2 ± 4.0	19.7 ± 3.3	18.5 ± 3.3	19.8 ± 3.2	19.8 ± 3.6	21.1 ± 2.3	20.3 ± 3.5	20.9 ± 2.8
POST	15.7 ± 2.1	17.3 ± 3.4	16.6 ± 1.5	18.6 ± 3.8	17.2 ± 2.3	18.7 ± 3.9	16.2 ± 2.1	18.5 ± 3.6
Combined	17.2 ± 3.1	18.8 ± 3.3	17.6 ± 2.4	19.3 ± 3.3	18.5 ± 3.0	20 ± 3.6	17.7 ± 3.3	19.9 ± 3.8
Vastus intermedius (mm)
PRE	16.3 ± 4.4	14.5 ± 3.2	15 ± 2.9	15.3 ± 2.8	16.5 ± 3.3	15.5 ± 3.0	15.5 ± 3.4	15.7 ± 3.5
PERI	13.7 ± 5.4	14.9 ± 2.9	14.7 ± 3.2	19.2 ± 5.2	12.8 ± 5.3	16.9 ± 3.8	16 ± 5.3	16.8 ± 4.3
POST	13.8 ± 4.2	13.8 ± 3.6	13.3 ± 3.2	14.6 ± 4.0	12.9 ± 3.1	14.7 ± 4.1	13 ± 3.6	15.4 ± 4.2
Combined	14.6 ± 4.5	14.3 ± 3.3	14.2 ± 3.1	15.8 ± 4.1a	14 ± 4.0	15.5 ± 3.6	14.6 ± 4.1	15.8 ± 3.9a
Longitudinal plane muscle thickness (mm)
Medial deltoid (mm)
PRE	24.4 ± 1.4	24.5 ± 2.6	23.5 ± 1.8	24.6 ± 4.6	24.4 ± 2.6	25.3 ± 5.0	22.4 ± 3.1	24.2 ± 3.2
PERI	25.0 ± 2.6	23.6 ± 3.6	23.5 ± 6.2	22.4 ± 2.3	22.0 ± 4.1	24.3 ± 3.0	23.5 ± 5.5	25.0 ± 3.1
POST	23.3 ± 3.7	24.0 ± 4.4	22.7 ± 3.6	23.2 ± 2.7	23.1 ± 4.1	24.8 ± 4.2	22.1 ± 3.4	23.0 ± 3.5
Combined	24.1 ± 2.8	24.1 ± 3.5	23.2 ± 3.8	23.6 ± 3.6	23.3 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 4.3	22.5 ± 3.8	23.9 ± 3.3
Rectus femoris (mm)
PRE	18.2 ± 2.7	19.4 ± 3.0	17.7 ± 2.3	19.3 ± 3.3	18.7 ± 2.7	19.7 ± 3.6	17.5 ± 3.5	19.9 ± 3.4
PERI	18.5 ± 4.0	19.5 ± 2.8	18.2 ± 3.4	19.6 ± 4.1	18.1 ± 2.9	19.5 ± 3.2	18.1 ± 4.1	20.1 ± 2.8
POST	14.5 ± 2.3	16.8 ± 3.1	16.0 ± 1.8	17.9 ± 3.9	16.5 ± 2.4	17.7 ± 3.7	15.2 ± 2.7	17.7 ± 3.0
Combined	16.7 ± 3.4	18.5 ± 3.2	17.1 ± 2.5	18.8 ± 3.7	17.6 ± 2.7	18.9 ± 3.6	16.7 ± 3.4	19.1 ± 3.3
Vastus intermedius (mm)
PRE	15.1 ± 4.2	14.0 ± 3.1	14.1 ± 2	14.2 ± 3	15.3 ± 2.3	14.7 ± 3.2	14.9 ± 3.4	14.7 ± 3.2
PERI	13.4 ± 5.3	14.8 ± 3.2	14.6 ± 3.1	15.4 ± 3.7	13.3 ± 5.1	15.6 ± 3.1	15.0 ± 6.1	15.5 ± 3.5
POST	12.2 ± 3	13.5 ± 3.6	12.4 ± 2.7	13.8 ± 3.6	12.1 ± 3.2	13.7 ± 3.6	12.3 ± 3.1	14.2 ± 4.0
Combined	13.4 ± 4.1	14 ± 3.3	13.5 ± 2.7	14.3 ± 3.3	13.4 ± 3.7	14.5 ± 3.3	13.8 ± 4.1	14.7 ± 3.5
Cross-sectional plane subcutaneous fat thickness
Medial deltoid (mm)
PRE	6.9 ± 1.4	7.7 ± 2.3	7.6 ± 2.1	7.2 ± 2	7.2 ± 1.9	7.4 ± 2	7 ± 2	7.1 ± 2.1
PERI	7.8 ± 2.5	7.4 ± 2.4	7.1 ± 2.1	7.3 ± 2.4	7 ± 1.7	7.5 ± 3	6.4 ± 1.3	7.3 ± 2.4
POST	6.6 ± 2.2	7.3 ± 2.4	7 ± 2.5	7.2 ± 2.2	6.9 ± 2.7	7.1 ± 2.2	6.5 ± 2.2	6.3 ± 1.7
Combined	7 ± 2.1	7.5 ± 2.3	7.2 ± 2.2	7.2 ± 2.1	7 ± 2.1	7.3 ± 2.3	6.6 ± 1.9	6.8 ± 2
Rectus femoris (mm)
PRE	13.6 ± 3.8	14 ± 5.4	13.8 ± 4.3	14.2 ± 5.5	13.5 ± 4.1	14 ± 4.8	13.5 ± 4.3	14.1 ± 4.8
PERI	16 ± 4.7	13.5 ± 4.4	15 ± 4.6	13.4 ± 3.9	15.3 ± 4.4	13.8 ± 4.3	14.9 ± 4.8	13.7 ± 4.3
POST	13.4 ± 2.5	13.4 ± 4.3	14.1 ± 3.7	13.9 ± 4.8	13.9 ± 4.5	13.1 ± 4.5	12.8 ± 3.1	13 ± 3.6
Combined	14.1 ± 3.5	13.7 ± 4.7	14.2 ± 4	13.9 ± 4.9	14.1 ± 4.2	13.6 ± 4.5	13.5 ± 3.9	13.6 ± 4.2
Longitudinal plane subcutaneous fat thickness
Medial deltoid (mm)
PRE	7.5 ± 1.7	8.2 ± 2.7	8 ± 2.2	8 ± 2.5	7.8 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 2.4	7.2 ± 1.8	7.9 ± 2.3
PERI	8.9 ± 2.9	8 ± 2.4	8.2 ± 1.3	7.8 ± 2.3	8.2 ± 1.6	7.9 ± 3	7.9 ± 2.5	8 ± 2.3
POST	7.4 ± 2.4	7.9 ± 2.4	7.7 ± 2.5	7.8 ± 2.4	7.6 ± 2.3	7.6 ± 2.4	7.1 ± 2	7.5 ± 2.2
Rectus femoris (mm)
PRE	14.6 ± 4.3	15.4 ± 5	16.1 ± 5.6	15 ± 5.1	16 ± 4.6	15.1 ± 4.7	15.5 ± 4.7	15.3 ± 5
PERI	17.7 ± 5	15.4 ± 5.2	16.8 ± 3.5	14.3 ± 4.8	15.9 ± 3.2	14.9 ± 5.2	16.6 ± 4.8	14.9 ± 5.3
POST	15.6 ± 3.8	15.3 ± 4.9	15.9 ± 4.2	15.2 ± 4.9	15.5 ± 4.1	14.6 ± 4.6	15.8 ± 4.2	14.5 ± 4.6
Combined	15.8 ± 4.3	15.4 ± 4.9	16.2 ± 4.4	14.9 ± 4.9	15.7 ± 3.9	14.8 ± 4.7	15.9 ± 4.3	14.9 ± 4.8

Lean mass and percentage body fat reported in a subset of CON (n = 18) and EXC (n = 24).

Values represent mean ± SD; significance set at P < 0.05.

^a Significant difference from week 0.