Table 4.

Multivariable Logistic Regression Models for Receipt of Surgical Intervention (Surgical vs. Non-surgical Intervention, N=55,622)

Characteristics	Receipt of Curative Treatment [N (%)]		Multivariable Analyses
	Surgical	Non-surgical	OR	95% CI	p-value
Age  20–49 years  50–59 years  60–69 years  ≥70 years	1,245 (34.7) 3,658 (24.0) 4,797 (22.7) 2,884 (18.4)	2,346 (65.3) 11,583 (76.0) 16,319 (77.3) 12,790 (81.6)	-- 0.62 0.59 0.40	Ref 0.57–0.67 0.55–0.64 0.36–0.43	-- <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Sex  Female  Male	3,277 (25.0) 9,307 (21.9)	9,836 (75.0) 33,202 (78.1)	-- 0.84	Ref 0.80–0.88	-- <0.001
Race/ethnicity  Non-Hispanic White  African American  Hispanic  Asian/Pacific Islander  American Indian/Alaska Native	6,350 (22.6) 1.274 (20.2) 1,966 (17.7) 2,903 (30.3) 91 (15.5)	21,692 (77.4) 5,041 (79.8) 9,134 (82.3) 6,676 (69.7) 495 (84.5)	-- 0.84 0.71 1.43 0.61	Ref 0.78–0.90 0.66–0.75 1.36–1.51 0.48–0.77	-- <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Geography  Large metro  Medium metro  Small metro  Rural	8,085 (23.2) 2,634 (21.6) 842 (22.3) 1,023 (21.3)	26,776 (76.8) 9,539 (78.4) 2942 (77.7) 3,781 (78.7)	-- 0.98 1.03 0.96	Ref 0.93–1.04 0.94–1.13 0.87–1.05	-- 0.504 0.558 0.380
Annual household income  ≥$70,000  $55,000-$69,999  $40,000-$54,999  <$40,000	6,959 (23.0) 4,084 (22.4) 1,377 (21.7) 200 (21.2)	23,315 (77.0) 14,009 (77.6) 4,970 (78.3) 744 (78.8)	-- 0.98 1.04 1.06	Ref 0.94–1.03 0.96–1.13 0.88–1.28	-- 0.513 0.330 0.518
Interaction Analyses
Race/Income*  High-income Non-Hispanic White  Middle-income Non-Hispanic White  Low-income Non-Hispanic White  High-income African American  Middle-income African American  Low-income African American  High-income Hispanic  Middle-income Hispanic  Low-income Hispanic  High-income Asian/Pacific Islander  Middle-income Asian/Pacific Islander  Low-income Asian/Pacific Islander  High-income American Indian/Alaska Native  Middle-income American Indian/Alaska Native  Low-income American Indian/Alaska Native			-- 1.05 1.17 0.85 0.89 0.67 0.76 0.68 0.72 1.50 1.38 1.92 0.78 0.51 0.48	Ref 0.99–1.12 0.96–1.44 0.76–0.95 0.81–0.97 0.44–1.03 0.70–0.82 0.63–0.74 0.40–1.27 1.40–1.60 1.25–1.52 0.30–12.12 0.57–1.08 0.36–0.73 0.14–1.63	-- 0.103 0.126 0.003 0.011 0.067 <0.001 <0.001 0.254 <0.001 <0.001 0.488 0.129 <0.001 0.237
Race/Geography†  Large metro Non-Hispanic White  Small-medium metro Non-Hispanic White  Rural Non-Hispanic White  Large metro African American  Small-medium metro African American  Rural African American  Large metro Hispanic  Small-medium metro Hispanic  Rural Hispanic  Large metro Asian/Pacific Islander  Small-medium metro Asian/Pacific Islander  Rural Asian/Pacific Islander  Large metro American Indian/Alaska Native  Small-medium American Indian/Alaska Native  Rural American Indian/Alaska Native			-- 1.00 0.98 0.82 0.90 0.71 0.73 0.67 0.59 1.44 1.43 1.31 0.70 0.54 0.54	Ref 0.93–1.07 0.87–1.09 0.75–0.90 0.80–1.02 0.53–0.96 0.68–0.78 0.60–0.74 0.45–0.77 1.35–1.53 1.28–1.60 0.93–1.85 0.50–0.97 0.36–0.81 0.32–0.90	-- 0.942 0.746 <0.001 0.108 0.024 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.122 0.034 0.003 0.018

Analyses were performed among a subset of patients who received treatment for HCC

^*Adjusted for age, sex, geography, year of diagnosis, number of tumors, and stage at diagnosis

^†Adjusted for age, sex, income, year of diagnosis, number of tumors, and stage at diagnosis