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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 6.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2025 Feb 6;34(2):355–365. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1094

Table 5.

Multivariable Logistic Regression Models for Delays in Treatment (≥3 months vs. <3 months, N=55,001)

Characteristics Delays in Treatment [N (%)] Multivariable Analyses

≥3 months <3 months OR 95% Cl p-value
Age
 20–49 years
 50–59 years
 60–69 years
 ≥70 years

886 (25.1)
4,656 (30.9)
6,658 (31.8)
4,292 (27.7)

2,650 (74.9)
10,395 (69.1)
14,255 (68.2)
11,209 (72.3)

--
1.31
1.33
1.11

Ref
1.21–1.43
1.22–1.44
1.02–1.21

--
<0.001
<0.001
0.013
Sex
 Female
 Male

3,884 (30.0)
12,608 (30.0)

9,085 (70.0)
29,424 (70.0)

--
1.03

Ref
0.98–1.07

--
0.260
Race/ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic White
 African American
 Hispanic
 Asian/Pacific Islander
 American Indian/Alaska Native

7,800 (28.1)
1,925 (30.8)
4,049 (37.0)
2,496 (26.4)
222 (38.3)

19,972 (71.9)
4,327 (69.2)
6,907 (63.0)
6,946 (73.6)
357 (61.7)

--
1.12
1.45
0.93
1.59

Ref
1.05–1.19
1.38–1.52
0.88–0.99
1.34–1.89

--
<0.001
<0.001
0.013
<0.001
Geography
 Large metro
 Medium metro
 Small metro
 Rural

10,448 (30.4)
3,598 (29.8)
1,133 (30.2)
1,313 (27.5)

23,971 (69.6)
8,461 (70.2)
2,619 (69.8)
3,458 (72.5)

--
0.96
0.99
0.92

Ref
0.91–1.00
0.92–1.08
0.84–1.00

--
0.057
0.897
0.047
Annual household income
 ≥$70,000
 $55,000-$69,999
 $40,000-$54,999
 <$40,000

8,741 (29.2)
5,754 (32.3)
1,733 (27.5)
264 (28.1)

21,229 (70.8)
12,044 (67.7)
2,560 (72.5)
676 (71.9)

--
1.15
0.95
1.02

Ref
1.10–1.20
0.88–1.02
0.87–1.21

--
<0.001
0.172
0.771
Interaction Analyses

Race/Income*
 High-income Non-Hispanic White
 Middle-income Non-Hispanic White
 Low-income Non-Hispanic White
 High-income African American
 Middle-income African American
 Low-income African American
 High-income Hispanic
 Middle-income Hispanic
 Low-income Hispanic
 High-income Asian/Pacific Islander
 Middle-income Asian/Pacific Islander
 Low-income Asian/Pacific Islander
 High-income American Indian/Alaska Native
 Middle-income American Indian/Alaska Native
 Low-income American Indian/Alaska Native

--
1.03
1.05
1.07
1.19
1.01
1.35
1.65
1.79
0.88
1.10
1.77
1.32
1.90
2.15

Ref
0.97–1.09
0.87–1.27
0.98–1.18
1.10–1.29
0.72–1.42
1.26–1.44
1.54–1.76
1.15–2.79
0.82–0.94
1.00–1.21
0.29–10.69
1.02–1.71
1.50–2.42
0.93–4.95

--
0.311
0.611
0.151
<0.001
0.949
<0.001
<0.001
0.010
<0.001
0.043
0.536
0.032
<0.001
0.072
Race/Geography
 Large metro Non-Hispanic White
 Small-medium metro Non-Hispanic White
 Rural Non-Hispanic White
 Large metro African American
 Small-medium metro African American
 Rural African American
 Large metro Hispanic
 Small-medium metro Hispanic
 Rural Hispanic
 Large metro Asian/Pacific Islander
 Small-medium metro Asian/Pacific Islander
 Rural Asian/Pacific Islander
 Large metro American Indian/Alaska Native
 Small-medium American Indian/Alaska Native
 Rural American Indian/Alaska Native

--
1.01
0.94
1.14
1.09
1.08
1.50
1.41
1.12
0.97
0.83
0.87
1.55
1.36
2.03

Ref
0.95–1.07
0.85–1.03
1.05–1.23
0.98–1.21
0.84–1.39
1.41–1.59
1.30–1.53
0.90–1.39
0.91–1.03
0.74–0.93
0.61–1.23
1.20–2.01
1.02–1.82
1.41–2.93

--
0.778
0.195
0.001
0.132
0.540
<0.001
<0.001
0.309
0.336
0.002
0.423
0.001
0.038
<0.001

Analyses were performed among a subset of patients who received treatment for HCC

*

Adjusted for age, sex, geography, year of diagnosis, number of tumors, and stage at diagnosis

Adjusted for age, sex, income, year of diagnosis, number of tumors, and stage at diagnosis