TABLE 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects at baseline.
| Healthy control | SCOPD | AECOPD | P-value | |
| Patients (n) | 43 | 43 | 64 | |
| Age, years | 63.07 ± 7.87 | 64.12 ± 9.13 | 66.78 ± 7.43 | 0.732 |
| Male, n (%) | 30 (69.8) | 32 (74.4) | 49 (76.6) | 0.051 |
| Smoking history | 0.094 | |||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 14 (32.5) | 19 (44.1) | 26 (40.6) | |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 10 (23.3) | 14 (32.5) | 19 (29.7) | |
| Never smoker, n (%) | 19 (44.2) | 10 (23.3) | 19 (29.7) | |
| Smoking index¥ | 0 (0.350) | 740 (100.960) | 525 (0.900) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.99 ± 2.66 | 22.59 ± 3.08 | 20.04 ± 4.00 | 0.357 |
| FEV1(L) | 2.36 ± 0.52 | 1.57 ± 1.46# | 1.01 ± 0.32* | <0.001 |
| FEV1% pred | 98.37 ± 14.55 | 52.49 ± 21.90# | 45.9 ± 15.27* | <0.001 |
| FVC(L) | 2.98 ± 0.68 | 2.60 ± 0.84# | 1.90 ± 0.49*Δ | 0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 78.00 ± 5.58 | 50.34 ± 11.61# | 55.64 ± 19.93* | <0.001 |
| Leukocyte count, 109/L | 6.91 ± 3.01 | 5.75 ± 1.69 | 8.53 ± 3.6*Δ | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil count, 109/L | 3.44 ± 1.30 | 3.46 ± 1.27 | 6.60 ± 3.35*Δ | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, 109/L | 1.65 ± 0.59 | 1.69 ± 0.54 | 1.21 ± 0.63*Δ | <0.001 |
| Monocyte count, 109/L | 0.37 ± 0.18 | 0.40 ± 0.16 | 0.56 ± 0.28*Δ | <0.001 |
| Eosinophil count, 109/L | 0.11 ± 0.08 | 0.15 ± 0.12 | 0.12 ± 0.16 | 0.264 |
| Neutrophil, % | 60.43 ± 8.94 | 59.37 ± 7.72 | 72.79 ± 15.84*Δ | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 29.72 ± 9.49 | 30.29 ± 7.88 | 15.93 ± 8.54*Δ | <0.001 |
| Monocyte, % | 6.40 ± 1.82 | 7.11 ± 1.68 | 6.92 ± 2.79 | 0.315 |
| Eosinophil, % | 1.85 ± 1.13 | 2.62 ± 2.12# | 1.62 ± 1.86Δ | 0.016 |
Data presented as mean ± SD unless specified.
¥median (interquartile range). Smoking index, the number of cigarettes per day multiplied by the number of smoking years.
*AECOPD vs. Healthy control, p < 0.05,
ΔAECOPD vs. SCOPD, p < 0.05,
#SCOPD vs. Healthy control, p < 0.05. AECOPD, Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SCOPD, Stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, modified medical research council dyspnea scale; CAT, COPD assessment test.