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. 2025 Jan 24;12:1508562. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1508562

Table 2.

Comparison of infection stress indexes between the two groups.

Variable POP POD-7 POD-14
PCT (μg/L)
Control group 6.62 ± 1.33 2.21 ± 0.31 1.55 ± 0.23
Observation group 6.79 ± 1.26 2.01 ± 0.21* 1.39 ± 0.19*
Mean difference 6.71 ± 1.29 2.11 ± 0.26 1.47 ± 0.21
t 0.117 1.883 3.780
p 0.611 <0.01 <0.01
β-EP (ng/L)
Control group 71.55 ± 5.33 52.31 ± 4.69 46.37 ± 4.44
Observation group 71.32 ± 5.16 50.12 ± 4.71* 39.77 ± 4.16*
Mean difference 71.44 ± 5.25 51.22 ± 4.70 43.07 ± 4.30
t 0.073 7.61 9.19
p 0.761 <0.01 <0.01
CRP (ng/L)
Control group 6.62 ± 1.33 2.21 ± 0.31 1.55 ± 0.23
Observation group 6.79 ± 1.26 2.01 ± 0.21* 1.39 ± 0.19*
Mean difference 6.71 ± 1.29 2.11 ± 0.26 1.47 ± 0.21
t 0.065 11.66 13.11
p 0.854 <0.01 <0.01

POP, pre-operation; POD, postoperative day; PCT, procalcitonin; β-EP, β-endorphin; CRP, C-reactive protein; t, t-test compared to the observation group; *p < 0.01, compared with the observation group.