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. 2025 Jan 24;12:1508562. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1508562

Table 3.

Comparison of inflammatory response factors between the two groups.

Variable POP POD-7 POD-14
IL-1
Control group 59.96 ± 5.06 51.63 ± 4.11 46.11 ± 3.33
Observation group 60.31 ± 5.13 45.39 ± 3.96* 30.97 ± 3.67*
Mean difference 60.12 ± 5.10 48.51 ± 4.04 38.54 ± 3.50
t 0.029 9.33 20.181
p 0.773 <0.01 <0.01
IL-8
Control group 61.16 ± 4.96 44.16 ± 4.41 38.93 ± 4.11
Observation group 61.11 ± 5.01 29.16 ± 4.33 20.87 ± 3.91*
Mean difference 61.14 ± 4.99 36.66 ± 4.37 29.90 ± 4.01
t 0.049 17.36 19.117
p 0.962 0.09 <0.01
TNF-α
Control group 37.88 ± 3.24 27.03 ± 3.11 17.15 ± 2.76
Observation group 37.85 ± 3.21 19.61 ± 2.73* 13.54 ± 2.21*
Mean difference 37.87 ± 3.23 23.32 ± 2.92 15.35 ± 2.49
t 0.071 5.73 7.331
p 0.964 <0.01 <0.01

POP, pre-operation; POD, postoperative day; IL-1, interleukin-1; IL-8, interleukin-8; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; t, t-test compared to the observation group; *p < 0.01, compared with the observation group.