Phylogenetic analysis of Pan and human L1 sequences. The figure shows a neighbor-joining tree (Kimura two-parameter, 2,000 bootstrap replications) generated from a ClustalW alignment of full-length L1 sequences. Included are the 4 Pan-specific L1s identified from the LOAF libraries and the 40 L1Hs–L1PA5 human genome sequences downloaded from GenBank. Amplification of the L1PA2 and older subfamilies ceased prior to the Homo-Pan divergence. Human-specific elements in the Ta, ACG/A, ACG/G, and GCG/A groups amplified only after the split between the Homo and Pan lineages, whereas AAG/A elements amplified both before and after the split (Ovchinnikov et al. 2002).