TABLE 3.

Non-histone lactylation in inflammation and immune response processes.

Disease	Site of lactylation	Mechanism	Writer/Eraser	Ref
Systemic lupus erythematosus	UPS	Caused failure of mitochondrial clearance in erythrocytes	Unknown	Caielli et al. (2021)
Sepsis	HMGB1	Disrupted endothelial integrity leading to endothelial barrier dysfunction	p300, CBP	Yang et al. (2022)
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury	Fis1 K20	Promoted excessive mitochondrial fission, augmenting mitochondrial apoptosis	Unknown	An et al. (2023)
Hyperglycemia	ACSF2 K182	Caused excessive accumulation of ROS, leading to mitochondrial damage	Unknown	Chen et al. (2024d)
Autoimmune uveitis	Ikzf1 K164	Regulated the transcription and expression of genes associated with Th17 differentiation	Unknown	Fan et al. (2023b)
Autoimmune uveitis	YY1 K183	Upregulated inflammatory cytokine secretion	p300	Huang et al. (2024a)
Wound healing	PKM2 K62	Increased the repair-phenotype macrophages, and decreased the proinflammatory-phenotype macrophages	Unknown	Wang et al. (2022)