TABLE 4.

Non-histone lactylation in tumorigenesis.

Disease	Site of lactylation	Mechanism	Writer/Eraser	Ref
Gastric cancer	METTL16 K229	Caused cuproptosis	AARS1, AARS2/SIRT2	Sun et al. (2023a)
Cervical cancer	DCBLD1 K172	Enhanced the expression and enzyme activity of G6PD	Unknown	Meng et al. (2024a)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	AK2 K28	Promoted energy dysregulation	Unknown	Yang et al. (2023b)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	CCNE2 K347, K348	Modulated the cell cycle	SIRT3	Jin et al. (2023)
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	NCL K477	Promoted MADD expression by RNA splicing, thereby prevented premature termination of translation, further activated ERK	p300	Yang et al. (2024b)
Colorectal cancer	NSUN2 K356	Upregulated glycolysis	Unknown	Chen et al. (2024a)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	ALDOA K230, K322	Enhanced tumorigenicity and stem-like characteristics	Unknown	Feng et al. (2024)
Esophageal cancer	SHMT2	Enhanced SHMT2 stability, thereby led to increased MTHFD1L expression	Unknown	Qiao et al. (2024)
Glioma	PTBP1 K436	Promoted glioma progression and glioma stem cells maintenance	SIRT1	Zhou et al. (2024b)