Table 2.
DALYs, DALY rates, and EAPC of youths and young adults with HSBP (1990–2021)
| Location | DALY cases(95%UI) | DALY rates/100 000 (95%UI) | EAPC of DALY rates (95%CI) | Age-standardised DALY rates/100 000 (95%UI) | EAPC of age-standardised DALY rates (95%CI) | Cases change (%, 95%UI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990–2021 | |
| Global | 5690433.61 (4199113.14–7205649.93) | 7834790.86 (5991320.48–9652175.87) | 259.62 (191.58–328.76) | 263.37 (201.40–324.46) | -0.07 (-0.15–0.01) | 282.23 (202.08,362.59) | 254.65 (191.09,319.02) | -0.40 (-3.03,2.30) | 37.68 (22.69–53.65) |
| SDI region | |||||||||
| High SDI | 613376.87 (457301.83–761076.11) | 471407.41 (355061.97–589385.21) | 176.78 (131.80–219.35) | 133.45 (100.52–166.85) | -0.90 (-1.20–0.60) | 165.18 (122.37,208.19) | 115.18 (84.74,145.94) | -1.17 (-5.19,3.02) | -23.15 (-31.31–13.10) |
| High-middle SDI | 1204578.36 (854681.44–1561898.57) | 1105736.41 (798498.78–1430350.93) | 266.18 (188.86–345.14) | 251.15 (181.37–324.88) | -0.70 (-0.92–0.48) | 269.86 (181.64,370.73) | 207.23 (135.61,278.23) | -0.97 (-4.95,3.19) | -8.21 (-25.15–14.84) |
| Middle SDI | 2000458.80 (1455563.15–2547643.11) | 2620159.84 (1967161.66–3317554.64) | 265.80 (193.40–338.50) | 282.50 (212.10–357.69) | 0.11 (-0.01–0.23) | 304.95 (211.55,404.80) | 261.03 (189.07,335.20) | -0.66 (-3.55,2.32) | 30.98 (12.33–54.48) |
| Low-middle SDI | 1384577.46 (1010865.50–1763182.67) | 2554549.92 (1922268.38–3120444.60) | 305.38 (222.95–388.88) | 318.33 (239.54–388.84) | 0.21 (0.14–0.28) | 356.09 (251.32,464.37) | 335.86 (248.79,416.78) | -0.27 (-2.28,1.77) | 84.50 (61.60–113.33) |
| Low SDI | 480897.16 (351631.74–608784.25) | 1076062.54 (836523.93–1330921.51) | 260.92 (190.78–330.31) | 239.62 (186.28–296.38) | -0.29 (-0.37–0.21) | 311.76 (220.48,402.78) | 286.33 (213.52,361.86) | -0.31 (-1.45,0.84) | 123.76 (92.15–160.04) |
| GBD region | |||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 20420.76 (12558.93–30110.58) | 38424.27 (24392.13–52733.92) | 132.06 (81.22–194.72) | 141.89 (90.08–194.74) | 0.74 (0.30–1.18) | 152.52 (77.14,256.45) | 142.21 (84.68,208.84) | -0.44 (-3.82,3.07) | 88.16 (32.50–185.35) |
| Australasia | 8126.33 (5786.55–10556.59) | 5354.05 (3445.39–7379.71) | 99.66 (70.97–129.47) | 51.13 (32.90–70.48) | -2.88 (-3.21–2.54) | 95.51 (66.66,126.55) | 44.91 (24.99,66.09) | -2.14 (-7.19,3.19) | -34.11 (-49.81–18.12) |
| Caribbean | 37588.14 (25845.57–51494.32) | 59566.69 (42388.64–78181.94) | 252.87 (173.87–346.42) | 327.24 (232.87–429.51) | 1.17 (0.95–1.40) | 292.24 (178.28,417.90) | 322.31 (209.40,447.68) | 0.32 (-0.62,1.27) | 58.47 (21.38–113.90) |
| Central Asia | 113875.96 (85373.03–142945.05) | 131958.21 (101656.21–164927.07) | 400.21 (300.04–502.38) | 352.95 (271.90–441.14) | -1.43 (-1.76–1.11) | 439.36 (311.53,567.64) | 323.08 (234.47,412.22) | -0.99 (-4.59,2.75) | 15.88 (-2.01–37.66) |
| Central Europe | 190670.86 (144918.30–232124.42) | 65116.77 (50932.48–78348.65) | 407.00 (309.33–495.48) | 185.94 (145.44–223.73) | -2.48 (-2.72–2.24) | 368.52 (277.26,458.09) | 152.03 (115.66,187.00) | -2.72 (-6.79,1.53) | -65.85 (-69.77–61.33) |
| Central Latin America | 111929.16 (79106.63–145348.34) | 178803.80 (127410.81–235265.25) | 163.96 (115.88–212.91) | 176.75 (125.95–232.56) | 0.29 (-0.14–0.73) | 195.25 (124.71,266.88) | 177.50 (115.66,247.91) | -0.46 (-3.81,3.01) | 59.75 (22.61–106.76) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 55387.34 (37473.50–73406.41) | 110274.02 (74078.47–151778.69) | 266.77 (180.49–353.56) | 203.85 (136.94–280.57) | -1.09 (-1.18–1.01) | 325.12 (202.96,470.15) | 242.81 (152.87,354.40) | -0.98 (-2.61,0.67) | 99.10 (42.59–168.45) |
| East Asia | 1084120.30 (631647.21–1650639.34) | 1213767.09 (710707.48–1752544.75) | 191.64 (111.66–291.78) | 253.37 (148.36–365.84) | 0.53 (0.28–0.79) | 208.47 (92.40,359.99) | 206.28 (87.08,325.13) | -0.36 (-3.98,3.39) | 11.96 (-30.94–81.51) |
| Eastern Europe | 371151.67 (285634.93–449398.55) | 276772.33 (211152.20–340219.55) | 432.74 (333.03–523.97) | 418.25 (319.09–514.13) | -1.09 (-1.53–0.65) | 381.07 (289.04,466.81) | 314.76 (235.28,392.14) | -0.55 (-5.61,4.78) | -25.43 (-34.76–16.08) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 186848.00 (129142.88–237418.40) | 414843.28 (320059.21–515508.03) | 263.58 (182.17–334.91) | 236.80 (182.70–294.26) | -0.40 (-0.47–0.32) | 324.72 (220.77,427.25) | 286.19 (211.07,364.37) | -0.46 (-1.84,0.95) | 122.02 (84.98–174.74) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 115,945.22 (84331.17–151195.90) | 35599.81 (22547.01–48425.34) | 171.78 (124.94–224.01) | 70.44 (44.61–95.82) | -3.38 (-3.61–3.15) | 170.32 (117.37,228.96) | 59.82 (33.67,86.77) | -3.48 (-7.79,1.04) | -69.30 (-76.79–61.98) |
| High-income North America | 151698.63 (108604.59–194,600.67) | 191315.74 (144690.11–235365.61) | 133.87 (95.84–171.73) | 155.31 (117.46–191.07) | 0.58 (0.32–0.85) | 121.37 (83.94,159.29) | 144.38 (103.81,188.32) | 0.67 (-3.33,4.84) | 26.12 (4.44–57.89) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 570929.89 (406334.83–727433.03) | 920,938.34 (678785.49–1153984.65) | 426.61 (303.62–543.55) | 362.19 (266.96–453.85) | -0.37 (-0.51–0.22) | 504.13 (345.29,664.89) | 345.67 (249.17,448.84) | -1.28 (-2.80,0.26) | 61.30 (35.46–96.32) |
| Oceania | 7771.64 (4918.58–11376.76) | 21911.20 (13068.83–32857.03) | 292.56 (185.16–428.28) | 388.88 (231.95–583.15) | 0.94 (0.76–1.13) | 347.36 (206.55,541.20) | 419.44 (221.08,682.28) | 0.64 (-1.80,3.14) | 181.94 (99.66–323.96) |
| South Asia | 1173499.03 (826908.04–1502272.90) | 2146307.05 (1522351.98–2715550.30) | 271.88 (191.58–348.06) | 271.37 (192.48–343.34) | -0.02 (-0.21–0.18) | 310.40 (214.38,404.64) | 281.60 (199.44,360.39) | -0.40 (-2.78,2.05) | 82.90 (57.59–111.03) |
| Southeast Asia | 742825.83 (538434.55–967946.12) | 1167791.41 (866593.67–1503904.61) | 377.06 (273.31–491.33) | 421.09 (312.48–542.29) | 0.51 (0.39–0.63) | 432.32 (302.52,571.45) | 406.70 (296.98,530.07) | -0.33 (-2.81,2.21) | 57.21 (33.76–88.12) |
| Southern Latin America | 30845.60 (19160.02–44320.80) | 29212.39 (19884.08–38046.60) | 161.67 (100.42–232.30) | 113.25 (77.08–147.49) | -0.86 (-1.09–0.63) | 168.85 (91.05,259.00) | 108.26 (63.33,153.46) | -1.27 (-4.72,2.30) | -5.29 (-30.14–31.26) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 89098.60 (67602.88–111079.57) | 106478.94 (81773.38–133653.40) | 412.20 (312.75–513.89) | 312.84 (240.26–392.68) | -1.21 (-2.04–0.37) | 496.74 (337.15,656.86) | 304.13 (216.74,397.35) | -1.60 (-2.77,-0.41) | 19.51 (-7.12–53.34) |
| Tropical Latin America | 221229.04 (164885.88–278931.98) | 175869.72 (133271.27–218463.91) | 343.99 (256.38–433.71) | 199.15 (150.91–247.38) | -1.89 (-2.13–1.65) | 386.03 (272.62,498.01) | 182.88 (135.00,228.17) | -2.42 (-5.09,0.33) | -20.50 (-30.18–8.78) |
| Western Europe | 238839.91 (182003.12–292200.83) | 77661.52 (58114.83–96678.92) | 165.72 (126.29–202.75) | 59.84 (44.78–74.50) | -3.52 (-3.64–3.40) | 160.02 (120.47,196.80) | 52.91 (37.77,67.73) | -3.51 (-7.50,0.65) | -67.48 (-70.90–63.59) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 167631.67 (125959.85–213437.43) | 466824.23 (348200.04–588924.12) | 234.21 (175.99–298.21) | 244.14 (182.10–308.00) | 0.28 (0.11–0.46) | 282.03 (204.68,368.70) | 295.45 (213.28,380.05) | 0.11 (-1.44,1.68) | 178.48 (123.43–252.71) |
CI confidence interval, DALY disability-adjusted life year, EAPC estimated annual percentage change, GBD Global Burden of Disease, HSBP high systolic blood pressure, SDI sociodemographic index, UI uncertainty interval