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. 2025 Jan 27;122(5):e2401232121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2401232121

Table 2.

Evolving factors that may affect peer-review in the near and mid-term future

Advent of AI and large language models
Expanding scientific workforce
Reward systems in research and academia
Diversification of publishing modes
Advent of mega-journals
Predatory and unethical practices (e.g., paper mills, citation cartels)
Peer-reviewer fatigue
New standards, methods, and influence of postpublication review
Interface between science and society, review in media, social media, and infodemics