Table 1.

Subgroups of women in whom screening for thyroid dysfunction before and during pregnancy is appropriate.

A. Personal history of thyroid disease

•Previous thyroid surgery •Goitre or thyroid nodules •Previous history of thyroid dysfunction (overt or subclinical) •History of thyroiditis •TPO antibody positivity •Previous treatment with 131I •Ingestion of medications potentially affecting thyroid function (amiodarone, lithium, interferon, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) •Previous irradiation to the head or neck •Symptoms or signs indicative of thyroid dysfunction (weight loss, palpitation, signs of thyroid eye disease)

B. Associated autoimmune conditions

•Type 1 diabetes mellitus •Systemic lupus erythematosus •Sjogren’s syndrome •Antiphospholipid syndrome

C. History of subfertility

•Recurrent miscarriages •Stillbirth •Second-trimester miscarriage