Table 1.
Publications That Used the HRS Included in the Current Analysis
| Reference | N HRS Scores (N Participants) | Substances and Doses | Placebo? | Population | % Female | Age, Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strassman and Qualls, 1994 (24) | 39 (11) | DMT: 0.05–0.4 mg/kg (IV)a | No | Psychedelic users | 9.10% | 45 (4.92) |
| Strassman et al., 1994 (25) | 24 (12) | DMT: 0.04, 0.4 mg/kg (IV)a | No | Psychedelic users | 8.30% | 45 (4.92) |
| Bowdle et al., 1998b (14) | 5 (5) | Ketamine: 0.5 mg/kg (IV)a | No | Healthy | 0% | – |
| Grob, 1998b (60) | 52 (18) | MDMA: 0.25–2.5 mg/kga | Yes | Healthy | 33.33%c | 20–62 |
| Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al., 1999 (17) | 63 (32) | d-Methamphetamine: 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg | Yes | Healthy | 34.36% | 34 (27–47) |
| MDE: 2 mg/kga | ||||||
| Psilocybin: 0.2 mg/kga | ||||||
| Riba et al., 2001 (22) | 71 (71) | Ayahuasca: variousa | No | Ayahuasca users | 46.48%c | 36.59 (7.89)c |
| Riba et al., 2001 (22) | 56 (56) | Ayahuasca: variousa | No | Ayahuasca users | 14.29%c | 26 (6.62)c |
| Tancer and Johanson, 2003 (18) | 98 (14) | d-Amphetamine: 10, 20 mg | Yes | Healthy | 50% | 22.3 (18–31) |
| mCPP: 0.5, 0.75 mg/kga | ||||||
| MDMA: 1, 2 mg/kga | ||||||
| Griffiths et al., 2006 (7) | 60 (30) | Psilocybin: 0.43 mg/kga | No | Healthy | 61.11% | 46 (24–64) |
| Methylphenidate: 0.57 mg/kg | ||||||
| Moreno et al., 2006 (61) | 29 (9) | Psilocybin: 0.025–0.3 mg/kga | No | OCD | 22.22% | 40.9 (13.2) |
| Ballard et al., 2012 (31) | 81 (27) | THC: 7.5, 15 mga | Yes | Healthy | 44% | 24.36 (4.56) |
| Caudevilla-Gálligo et al., 2012 (12) | 35 (35) | 2C-B: 20 mga | No | Healthy | 23% | 32.6 (6.53) |
| Addy et al., 2015 (62) | 60 (30) | Salvinorin A: 1017 μga | Yes | Healthy | 47% | 39 |
| Bouso et al., 2016 (26) | 158 (158) | Ayahuasca: various (mean 113 mL)a | No | Ayahuasca users | 36.71%c | 38.97 (9.0)c |
| Ross et al., 2016 (8) | 55 (29) | Psilocybin: 0.3 mg/kga | Yes | Illness-related distress | 62.10% | 56.28 (12.93) |
| Palhano-Fontes et al., 2019 (9) | 29 (18) | Ayahuasca: 1 mL/kga | Yes | Treatment-resistant depression | 72% | 42.03 (11.66) |
| (0.36 mg/kg DMT)a | ||||||
| Pasquini et al., 2020 (63) | 50 (25) | Ayahuasca: 1 mL/kga | Yes | Healthy | 53.49% | 30.8 (8.4) |
| (0.36 mg/kg DMT)a | ||||||
| Apud et al., 2022 (64) | 26 (26) | Ayahuasca: variousa | No | Ayahuasca users | 38.46%c | 36.96 (7.9)c |
| Total | 991 (599) |
Doses were administered orally unless otherwise specified. Ages are shown as mean (SD) or range. Some discrepancies with published subject numbers are present due to missing data.
HRS, Hallucinogen Rating Scale; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
a
Classical psychedelics and other drugs with psychedelic effects were used to analyze the factor structure of the HRS.
b
HRS data from this source were obtained but had not been published previously.
c
Individual participant data for age and sex were available for 5 studies.