Table 2.

Patient and treatment characteristics influencing HRQOL

	QLQC30_Social		QLQBN20_Motor
	Coeff	p value	Coeff	p value
z = CTV (clinical target volume)
Intercept	61.1		96.4
Time
End of treatment	26.0	0.468	− 4.3	0.445
1 month after	21.1		− 16.3
3 months after	13.1		− 3.8
z	0.1	0.788	− 0.27	0.009
z × time
End of treatment	− 0.2	0.041	0.09	0.110
1 month after	− 0.2		0.1
3 months after	− 0.1		0.01

	QLQC30_Physical
	Coeff	p value
z = concomitant chemotherapy
Intercept	65.1
Time
End of treatment	0.00	0.302
1 month after	4.2
3 months after	− 10.4
z	17.2	0.125
z × time
End of treatment	2.5	0.018
1 month after	− 15.2
3 months after	12.2

	QLQC30_Physical		QLQBN20_Motor
	Coeff	p value	Coeff	p value
z = steroids before proton therapy
Intercept	81.4		87.2
Time
End of treatment	2.7	0.468	− 3.5	0.448
1 month after	− 3.6		− 6.1
3 months after	− 1.7		− 4.1
z	− 25.1	0.002	− 21.1	0.031
z × time
End of treatment	− 4.3	0.123	11.4	0.483
1 month after	7.2		4.1
3 months after	− 13.0		0.8

Results from linear mixed models to investigate the effect of patient and treatment characteristics (CTV, concomitant chemotherapy, steroids before proton therapy) on time changes of outcome indicators (QLQC30_Social, QLQBN20_Motor, and QLQC30_Physical). Results most interesting from a clinical point of view are shown. CTV has a negative effect on QLQBN20_Motor and a differential effect on QLQC30_Social time behavior. Concomitant chemotherapy shows a differential effect on QLQC30_Physical time behavior. Steroids before proton therapy have a negative effect on QLQC30_Physical and QLQBN20_Motor

Statistically significant p are in bold (p < 0.05)