Table 1. Cross-neutralizing antibody responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Representative SARS-CoV-2 (WT) vaccines (82–91) that induce antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity against the WT or Omicron BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. LNP, lipid nanoparticle.
| Name | Vaccine format | Adjuvant | Neutralizing and cross-neutralizing activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| pEr-P3-RBD | SARS-CoV-2 RBD–based subunit vaccine | NT50 = 100,000 Omicron BA.1: NT50 = 5000 (two doses) | |
| Fc-RBD (82) | SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc–based subunit vaccine | Freund’s incomplete adjuvant | NT50 = 7166 (two doses) |
| VSV-ΔG-spike (83) | Competent recombinant VSV-ΔG-spike | NT50 = 2011 (one dose) | |
| ARCoV mRNA-LNP (84) | mRNA-LNP encoding the RBD | NT50 = 5704 (two doses) | |
| DYAI-100A85 (85) | SARS-CoV-2-spike-RBD subunit vaccine | Aldydrogel 85 | NT50 = 5233 (two doses) |
| pSer-RBD (86) | Phosphoserine peptides modified the RBD | Alum | NT50 = 8000 (two doses) |
| αGalCer-RBD (87) | Self-adjuvanting lipoprotein conjugate αGalCer-RBD subunit vaccine | NT50 = 11,549 (two doses) | |
| SCTV01E (88) | Spike-trimer protein-based tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine | SCT-VA02B | NT50 = 3554 Omicron BA.1: NT50 = 6431 (two doses) |
| ASD254 (89) | Subunit vaccine ASD254, chitosan + RBD + γ-PGA | NT50 = 100,000 (two doses) | |
| mRNA-HB27-LNP (90) | NT50 = 28,056 (one dose) | ||
| RBD mRNA-LNP (91) | LNP-encapsulated mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 RBD | NT50 = 10,000 (one dose) |