TABLE 1.
Yeast genes involved in autophagy, the Cvt pathway, and pexophagy
| Gene | Step(s) | Role or Interactions | Homologuesa (% identity, % similarity) |
|---|---|---|---|
| APG1/AUT3 | Induction | Serine/threonine kinase | Homo sapiens (32, 48); Mus musculus (32, 48); Caenorhabditis elegans (24, 41); S. pombe (42, 60) |
| APG2 | Formation and completion | Associated with Apg9 | H. sapiens (24, 39); C. elegans (35, 50); S. pombe (22, 41); P. pastoris (28, 45); Drosophila melanogaster (32, 48) |
| APG5 | Formation and completion | Apg12 conjugation system | H. sapiens (23, 41); M. musculus (24, 41); C. elegans (23, 41); S. pombe (29, 50); D. melanogaster (20, 42); Arabidopsis thaliana (24, 42) |
| APG6/VPS30 | Formation and completion | Forms a complex with Apg14, Vps34, and Vps15 | H. sapiens (29, 48); M musculus (30, 47); Rattus norvegicus (27, 44); C. elegans (28, 49); S. pombe (27, 45); D. melanogaster (29, 45); A. thaliana (25, 43); Triticum aestivum (25, 43) |
| APG7/CVT2 | Formation and completion | Apg12 and Aut7 conjugation systems (E1) | H. sapiens (37, 54); M. musculus (38, 54); C. elegans (37, 56); S. pombe (39, 58); P. pastoris (44, 61); D. melanogaster (37, 54); A. thaliana (39, 56) |
| APG9/CVT7/AUT9 | Formation and completion | Transmembrane protein associated with Apg2 | H. sapiens (30, 52); C. elegans (26, 45); S. pombe (38, 57); D. melanogaster (25, 49); A. thaliana (27, 53) |
| APG10 | Formation and completion | Apg12 conjugation system (E2) | C. elegans (22, 44) |
| APG12 | Formation and completion | Apg12 conjugation system (UBL) | H. sapiens (32, 59); M. musculus (31, 58); C. elegans (23, 46); S. pombe (33, 57); D. melanogaster (28, 56); A. thaliana (36, 64) |
| APG13 | Induction | Modulates Apg1 activity | S. pombe (21, 40) |
| APG14 | Formation and completion | Forms a complex with Ap6, Vps34, and Vps15 | Methanococcus jannaschii (28, 51) |
| APG16 | Formation and completion | Associates with the Apg12-Apg5 complex | |
| APG17 | Induction (autophagy specific) | Probably involved in the Apg1-Apg13 interaction | S. pombe (21, 45); Candidaalbicans (20, 39) |
| AUT1/APG3 | Formation and completion | Aut7 conjugation system (E2) | H. sapiens (32, 45); M. musculus (32, 44); R. norvegicus (32, 44); C. elegans (35, 50); S. pombe (34, 54); D. melanogaster (32, 48); A. thaliana (32, 44) |
| AUT2/APG4 | Formation and completion | Aut7 conjugation system | H. sapiens (28, 44), (26, 40), (27, 42); C. elegans (26, 40); S. pombe (29, 48); D. melanogaster (28, 42), (29, 45); A. thaliana (29, 44) |
| AUT4 | Vesicle breakdown (autophagy specific) | Transmembrane protein | S. pombe (23, 46); S. coelicolor (25, 41); Bacillus subtilis (20, 40); Clostridium acetobutylicum (20, 40) |
| AUT7/APG8/CVT5 | Formation and completion | Aut7 conjugation system (UBL) | H. sapiens (55, 78), (55, 77), (54, 77); Bos taurus (55, 78); M. musculus (55, 78), (55, 77), (54, 77); R. norvegicus (55, 78), (55, 77); Cavia porcellus (54, 77); C. elegans (53, 74), (34, 64); S. pombe (73, 88); D. melanogaster (56, 78), (54, 76); A. thaliana (73, 90), (71, 84), (71, 86), (65, 80), (70, 85), (76, 90), (54, 75), (49, 73); Laccaria bicolor (76, 90); Gillichthys mirabilis (55, 75) |
| CVT9 | Induction (Cvt pathway and pexophagy specific) | Associated with Apg1 | S. pombe (26, 44); P. pastoris (24, 42) |
| CVT17/AUT5 | Vesicle breakdown | Putative transmembrane lipase | S. pombe (45, 63); C. albicans (48, 62); Cladosporium fulvum (38, 54) |
| CVT18 | Formation and completion | H. sapiens (27, 43), (30, 45), (26, 45), (28, 44); C. elegans (27, 44), (26, 43), (25, 43); S. cerevisiae (28, 44), (26, 45); S. pombe (33, 50), (26, 46), (26, 44); Neurospora crassa (34, 52); D. melanogaster (25, 42), (25, 42), (23, 40); A. thaliana (30, 51), (41, 60); Oryza sativa (39, 59) | |
| CVT19 | Induction (?) and cargo packaging (Cvt pathway specific) | Ape1 and Ams1 receptor | S. cerevisiae (28, 44) |
| VAC8 | Induction (Cvt pathway and pexophagy specific) | Associated with Apg13 | S. pombe (64, 80) |
a
Homologues were identified by a BLAST search of the encoded protein (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/).