. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 7.

Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2024;100(3):1055–1073. doi: 10.3233/JAD-240125

Table 4a.

Mediation Model for Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers, MMSE/MoCA scores, and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

Path	Predictor	Dependent/Mediator	βz	SE	z	p	95% CI
Initial: c	p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ_1–42 ratio	NPI-Q	0.262	0.055	4.753	0.000	(0.154, 0.371)
.	Age, yrs	.	−0.086	0.054	−1.581	0.114	(−0.192, 0.021)
.	Sex (female)	.	−0.059	0.054	−1.087	0.277	(−0.165, 0.047)
.	Education, yrs	.	−0.084	0.054	−1.550	0.121	(−0.190, 0.022)
.	APOE ε4 status	.	0.029	0.056	0.516	0.606	(−0.081, 0.138)
Mediation: c’	p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ_1–42 ratio	NPI-Q	0.198	0.057	3.487	0.000	(0.087, 0.309)
.	Age, yrs	.	−0.095	0.054	−1.771	0.077	(−0.200, 0.010)
.	Sex (female)	.	−0.043	0.054	−0.798	0.425	(−0.148, 0.062)
.	Education, yrs	.	−0.054	0.054	−0.991	0.321	(−0.159, 0.052)
.	APOE ε4 status	.	0.017	0.055	0.307	0.759	(−0.091, 0.125)
a	p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ_1–42 ratio	MMSE/MoCA	−0.252	0.035	−7.187	0.000	(−0.321, −0.183)
.	Age, yrs	.	−0.034	0.035	−0.965	0.335	(−0.102, 0.035)
.	Sex (female)	.	0.058	0.035	1.657	0.097	(−0.011, 0.126)
.	Education, yrs	.	0.124	0.035	3.577	0.000	(0.056, 0.192)
.	APOE ε4 status	.	−0.054	0.036	−1.515	0.130	(−0.124, 0.016)
b	MMSE/MoCA	NPI-Q	−0.264	0.055	−4.785	0.000	(−0.372, −0.156)
indirect (a×b)	p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ_1–42 ratio	.	0.066	0.017	3.966	0.000	(0.034, 0.099)
total (c + a×b)	p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ_1–42 ratio	.	0.264	0.055	4.778	0.000	(0.156, 0.373)

Sample included NACC participants with Lumipulse-generated biomarker results and complete data on the MMSE/MoCA (n=760). Amyloid-β protein (Aβ); Apolipoprotein E (APOE); Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); Mini-Mental State Examination or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MMSE/MoCA); Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q); Phosphorylated-tau (p-tau); Standard Error (SE).