Table 1. Practice Characteristics by Survey Year.
| Characteristic | Practices, weighted % (unweighted count) | P value for difference between yearsa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 710) | Survey year | |||
| 2017-2018 | 2022-2023 | |||
| Ownership | ||||
| Independent | NA | 37 (234) | 31 (193) | <.001 |
| Physician group | NA | 13 (105) | 10 (85) | |
| Hospital or health system | NA | 40 (321) | 49 (380) | |
| FQHC (regardless of ownership) | NA | 10 (50) | 10 (52) | |
| ACO participation | ||||
| No. of ACOs by payer type, mean (SD)b | NA | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | <.001 |
| No. of ACO payer types | ||||
| 0 | NA | 36 (193) | 29 (153) | <.001 |
| 1 | NA | 24 (149) | 14 (97) | |
| 2 | NA | 20 (132) | 21 (150) | |
| 3 | NA | 20 (146) | 36 (246) | |
| No. of physicians in practice | ||||
| 0-4 | NA | 47 (281) | 48 (286) | .51 |
| 5-9 | NA | 28 (227) | 27 (217) | |
| 10-19 | NA | 14 (109) | 14 (105) | |
| ≥20 | NA | 10 (93) | 11 (96) | |
| No. of advanced practice professionals in practicec | ||||
| 0 | NA | 20 (131) | 18 (126) | .01 |
| 1 or 2 | NA | 36 (275) | 32 (238) | |
| 3 or 4 | NA | 22 (149) | 23 (158) | |
| 5-10 | NA | 14 (98) | 18 (113) | |
| ≥10 | NA | 8 (57) | 9 (69) | |
| Ratio of advanced practice professionals to physicians | ||||
| <0.5 | NA | 59 (469) | 52 (393) | <.001 |
| 0.5 to <1 | NA | 21 (138) | 23 (148) | |
| 1 to <2 | NA | 17 (90) | 15 (123) | |
| ≥2 | NA | 3 (13) | 11 (37) | |
| Changes in ownership | ||||
| Group to hospital/health system | 5 (39) | NA | NA | NA |
| Hospital to system | 7 (51) | NA | NA | NA |
| Independent to FQHC | 0.1 (2) | NA | NA | NA |
| Independent to group | 2 (19) | NA | NA | NA |
| Independent to hospital/health system | 3 (20) | NA | NA | NA |
| No change | 82 (579) | NA | NA | NA |
| Changes in ACO participation | ||||
| No ACO participation (at either survey) | 15 (68) | NA | NA | NA |
| Joined ACO between surveys | 16 (107) | NA | NA | NA |
| Other ACO participation | 69 (486) | NA | NA | NA |
| Practice in a rural locationd | 7 (60) | NA | NA | NA |
| US Census region | ||||
| New England | 8 (61) | NA | NA | NA |
| Middle Atlantic | 14 (84) | NA | NA | NA |
| East North Central | 12 (108) | NA | NA | NA |
| West North Central | 11 (81) | NA | NA | NA |
| South Atlantic | 17 (120) | NA | NA | NA |
| East South Central | 4 (23) | NA | NA | NA |
| West South Central | 7 (49) | NA | NA | NA |
| Mountain | 9 (70) | NA | NA | NA |
| Pacific | 18 (114) | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: ACO, accountable care organization; FQHC, federally qualified health center; NA, not applicable.
a
χ2 Test.
b
Commercial, Medicare, or Medicaid.
c
Includes physician assistants and nurse practitioners with specialties of family practice, general practice, internal medicine, or geriatric medicine.
d
Determined by rural-urban commuting area classification for the practice’s business address.