Table 3.
Prevalence of Single Bilateral VFI Stratified by Age, Gender, and Ethnicity in the PIONEER Study
| Gender | Ethnicity | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 2380) | Male (N = 1089) | Female (N = 1291) | Chinese (N = 1198) | Malay (N = 603) | Indian (N = 579) | |||||||
| N | Weighted, % (95% CI) | N | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | |
| Bilateral VAI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 100 | 10.5% (8.2, 13.1) | 40 | 9.2 (6.2, 13.0) | 60 | 11.7 (8.3, 15.7) | 45 | 10.4 (7.7, 13.7) | 29 | 10.4 (7.1, 14.7) | 26 | 11.0 (7.3, 15.6) |
| 70–79 | 140 | 17.5 (14.4, 20.8) | 51 | 14.1 (9.9, 19.1) | 89 | 20.4 (16.1, 25.2) | 74 | 17.3 (13.8, 21.2) | 37 | 20.4 (14.8, 27.1) | 29 | 15.9 (10.9, 22.2) |
| ≥80 | 192 | 30.9 (26.1, 36.0) | 74 | 25.9 (20.0, 32.5) | 118 | 34.0 (27.1, 41.3) | 103 | 30.8 (25.4, 36.7) | 51 | 36.4 (27.6, 45.9) | 38 | 23.7 (17.2, 31.3) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Total | 432 | 15.3 (13.6, 17.2) | 165 | 12.5 (10.2, 15.1) | 267 | 17.8 (15.3, 20.6) | 222 | 15.4 (13.4, 17.6) | 117 | 15.6 (12.8, 18.7) | 93 | 13.8 (11.0, 17.0) |
| Bilateral CSI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 143 | 11.5 (9.3, 14.1) | 63 | 12.0 (8.7, 16.0) | 80 | 11.1 (8.1, 14.7) | 41 | 9.5 (6.9, 12.6) | 69 | 24.3 (19.4, 29.7) | 33 | 14.4 (10.1, 19.6) |
| 70–79 | 225 | 26.4 (22.9, 30.2) | 80 | 21.3 (16.3, 27.0) | 145 | 30.9 (25.9, 36.3) | 109 | 25.4 (21.4, 29.8) | 65 | 35.8 (28.8, 43.2) | 51 | 27.5 (21.2, 34.6) |
| ≥80 | 303 | 46.5 (41.3, 51.7) | 114 | 35.5 (29.1, 42.4) | 189 | 53.4 (45.9, 60.7) | 146 | 45.3 (39.4, 51.3) | 89 | 64.2 (55.0, 72.7) | 68 | 40.7 (32.9, 48.9) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Total | 671 | 20.7 (18.9, 22.6) | 257 | 17.3 (14.7, 20.2) | 414 | 23.7 (21.2, 26.4) | 296 | 19.4 (17.3, 21.6) | 223 | 31.2 (27.5, 35.2) | 152 | 20.9 (17.6, 24.6) |
| Bilateral CVI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 60 | 6.1 (4.4, 8.3) | 36 | 8.2 (5.4, 11.9) | 24 | 4.0 (2.2, 6.7) | 26 | 6.0 (4.0, 8.6) | 16 | 5.9 (3.4, 9.4) | 18 | 7.9 (4.7, 12.2) |
| 70–79 | 72 | 8.2 (6.1, 10.7) | 37 | 8.9 (5.7, 13.2) | 35 | 7.5 (4.9, 11.0) | 33 | 7.8 (5.4, 10.8) | 15 | 8.1 (4.6, 13.0) | 24 | 13.5 (8.8, 19.5) |
| ≥80 | 125 | 16.2 (12.5, 20.4) | 53 | 17.0 (12.1, 22.9) | 72 | 15.7 (10.7, 21.8) | 49 | 15.1 (11.0, 19.9) | 27 | 19.4 (12.7, 27.8) | 49 | 29.5 (22.4, 37.4) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Total | 257 | 8.1 (6.8, 9.6) | 126 | 9.4 (7.3, 11.9) | 131 | 6.9 (5.4, 8.8) | 108 | 7.8 (6.3, 9.6) | 58 | 7.8 (5.8, 10.4) | 91 | 11.9 (9.3, 14.9) |
| DPI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 167 | 15.1 (12.5, 18.0) | 96 | 19.3 (15.2, 24.1) | 71 | 11.0 (7.9, 14.8) | 59 | 13.6 (10.5, 17.2) | 63 | 22.8 (17.9, 28.2) | 45 | 20.0 (15.0, 25.8) |
| 70–79 | 255 | 30.6 (26.8, 34.6) | 123 | 32.3 (26.5, 38.6) | 132 | 29.1 (24.2, 34.4) | 125 | 29.6 (25.3, 34.3) | 72 | 39.1 (31.9, 46.5) | 58 | 32.3 (25.5, 39.7) |
| ≥80 | 299 | 43.1 (38.0, 48.4) | 149 | 46.0 (39.1, 53.1) | 150 | 41.3 (34.2, 48.7) | 147 | 41.8 (36.0, 47.8) | 77 | 55.6 (46.1, 64.7) | 75 | 46.5 (38.6, 54.4) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Total | 721 | 23.5 (21.5, 25.6) | 368 | 26.1 (22.9, 29.4) | 353 | 21.2 (18.7, 23.9) | 331 | 22.5 (20.1, 24.9) | 212 | 30.2 (26.4, 34.2) | 178 | 26.3 (22.6, 30.4) |
Weighted prevalences were calculated with sampling weights specific to each age group, gender and ethnicity to adjust for oversampling and post-stratification weights to align to the population distribution based on the 2020 Singapore Census. P trend will not be computed for counts less than 5 in any age group or if the total count is less than 20.