Table 4.
Prevalence of Multiple Bilateral VFI Stratified by Age, Gender and Ethnicity in the PIONEER Study
| Gender | Ethnicity | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 2380) | Male (N = 1089) | Female (N = 1291) | Chinese (N = 1198) | Malay (N = 603) | Indian (N = 579) | |||||||
| N | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | n | Weighted, % (95% CI) | |
| Any 2 Bilateral VFI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 74 | 5.8 (4.2, 7.7) | 36 | 6.8 (4.4, 10.1) | 38 | 4.8 (2.9, 7.3) | 20 | 4.6 (2.8, 7.0) | 36 | 12.8 (9.1, 17.3) | 18 | 7.9 (4.7, 12.2) |
| 70–79 | 132 | 16.8 (13.8, 20.2) | 60 | 16.1 (11.7, 21.3) | 72 | 17.5 (13.4, 22.2) | 72 | 16.9 (13.5, 20.8) | 32 | 17.1 (12.0, 23.2) | 28 | 15.2 (10.3, 21.3) |
| ≥80 | 142 | 18.5 (14.8, 22.7) | 67 | 20.4 (15.2, 26.5) | 75 | 17.3 (12.4, 23.2) | 60 | 17.0 (12.9, 21.8) | 41 | 30.8 (22.6, 40.2) | 41 | 24.8 (18.2, 32.4) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Total | 348 | 10.8 (9.4, 12.3) | 163 | 11.0 (8.9, 13.4) | 185 | 10.5 (8.7, 12.6) | 152 | 10.1 (8.5, 11.9) | 109 | 15.7 (12.8, 19.0) | 87 | 11.8 (9.2, 14.8) |
| Any 3 Bilateral VFI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 15 | 1.3 (0.6, 2.5) | 8 | 1.5 (0.5, 3.5) | 7 | 1.1 (0.3, 2.8) | 5 | 1.2 (0.4, 2.7) | 7 | 2.5 (1.0, 5.1) | 3 | 1.3 (0.3, 3.9) |
| 70–79 | 47 | 5.2 (3.6, 7.3) | 12 | 3.0 (1.2, 5.9) | 35 | 7.1 (4.6, 10.4) | 21 | 4.8 (3.0, 7.3) | 15 | 8.4 (4.8, 13.4) | 11 | 5.9 (3.0, 10.3) |
| ≥80 | 94 | 13.2 (10.0, 16.9) | 37 | 11.5 (7.5, 16.6) | 57 | 14.2 (9.8, 19.7) | 47 | 12.9 (9.3, 17.2) | 25 | 16.6 (10.6, 24.2) | 22 | 12.9 (8.1, 19.2) |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | — | ||||||
| Total | 156 | 4.1 (3.3, 5.0) | 57 | 3.1 (2.1, 4.4) | 99 | 5.0 (3.8, 6.4) | 73 | 3.9 (3.0, 5.1) | 47 | 5.4 (3.8, 7.4) | 36 | 3.9 (2.6, 5.6) |
| All 4 Bilateral VFI | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 11 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.1) | 6 | 1.4 (0.4, 3.4) | 5 | 0.6 (0.1, 2.0) | 4 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.3) | 3 | 1.1 (0.2, 3.3) | 4 | 1.7 (0.5, 4.3) |
| 70–79 | 10 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.3) | 7 | 1.0 (0.2, 2.6) | 3 | 0.2 (0.0, 0.7) | 1 | 0.3 (0.0, 1.4) | 4 | 2.2 (0.6, 5.5) | 5 | 2.9 (1.0, 6.7) |
| ≥80 | 36 | 6.5 (3.9, 9.9) | 12 | 4.4 (2.0, 8.3) | 24 | 7.7 (4.0, 13.1) | 17 | 6.3 (3.5, 10.4) | 12 | 8.8 (4.3, 15.7) | 7 | 5.0 (2.0, 10.2) |
| P trend | <0.001 | 0.021 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Total | 57 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) | 25 | 1.6 (0.8, 2.8) | 32 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.7) | 22 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | 19 | 2.2 (1.2, 3.6) | 16 | 2.4 (1.3, 4.1) |
Weighted prevalences were calculated with sampling weights specific to each age group, gender and ethnicity to adjust for oversampling and post-stratification weights to align to the population distribution based on the 2020 Singapore Census. P trend will not be computed for counts less than 5 in any age group or if the total count is less than 20.