TABLE 5.

Antimicrobial coating treatments that have been evaluated for the control of biofilms on central venous catheters (CVCs)

Reference	Treatmenta	Evaluation criteriab	Resultsc
45	MR compared to CS	Patient study, 356 MR-CVC compared to 382 CS-CVC, avg D = 8.4, roll tip or sonication	MR, 7.9% colonized, 0.3% BSI; CS, 22.8% colonized, 3.4% BSI; MR significantly more effective
124	CS compared to untreated control	Patient study, 208 CS-CVC compared to 195 untreated control-CVC, avg D = 6, roll tip	CS, 13.5% colonized, 1.0% BSI; control, 24.1% colonized, 4.7% BSI; CS significantly more effective
97	TC compared to untreated control	Patient study, 97 TC-CVC compared to 81 untreated control-CVC, avg D = 7, roll tip	TC, 2.06% colonized, no BSI; control, 13.6% colonized, no BSI; TC significantly more effective
10	Silver ions compared to untreated control	Patient study, 34 SI-CVC compared to 33 untreated control-CVC, avg D = 4.49 (SI) and 4.06 (control), sonication	SI, 52.9% colonized; control, 57.6% colonized; no significant difference
19	Silver(s) compared to untreated control	Patient study, 86 S-CVC compared to 79 untreated control-CVC, median D = 9 (S) and 8 (control), roll tip	S, 14% colonized, 4.65% CAI; control, 22.8% colonized, 16.5% CAI; S significantly more effective
7	Heparin compared to untreated control	Patient study, 13 H-CVC compared to 19 untreated control-CVC, D not given, semiquantitative and quantitative method	H, 31% colonized, no BSI; control, 74% colonized, 26.3% BSI; H significantly more effective
—d	Ciprofloxacin compared to untreated control	Laboratory study, P. aeruginosa in a flow cell, D = 300 min	>50% reduction in attachment compared to control

^aMR, minocycline plus rifampin; CS, chlorhexidine plus silver sulfadiazine; TC, tridecylmethylammonium chloride plus cephalosporin.

^bD, duration of catheter insertion (in days); SI, silver ion; S, silver; H, heparin. Roll tip method or sonication method used for quantification of catheter colonization.

^cBSI, bloodstream infection; CAI, catheter-associated infection.

^dReference: C. Kwok, S. Hendricks, C. Wan, J. D. Bryers, B. D. Ratner, and T. Horbett, Proc. 23rd Int. Symp. Controlled Release Bioactive Mat., p. 230-231, 1996.