Table 4.
Comparison of Chinese Nursing Work Stress Scale scores in SNIS-SMH and control groups before and after intervention
| Variables | SNIS-SMH (n = 113) | Control (n = 113) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | P-value | Before | After | P-value | |
| I. Professional and work-related issues | ||||||
| Low social status of nursing work | 2.62 ± 0.72 | 2.48 ± 0.81 | 0.165 | 2.58 ± 0.78 | 2.60 ± 0.76 | 0.771 |
| Limited opportunities for further education | 2.21 ± 0.83 | 2.14 ± 0.78 | 0.519 | 2.15 ± 0.76 | 2.19 ± 0.81 | 0.737 |
| Low salary and other benefits | 2.26 ± 0.74 | 2.06 ± 0.72 | 0.057 | 2.31 ± 0.71 | 2.24 ± 0.68 | 0.435 |
| Few promotion opportunities | 1.95 ± 0.74 | 1.94 ± 0.74 | 0.925 | 2.01 ± 0.73 | 1.96 ± 0.67 | 0.606 |
| Frequent shift changes | 2.61 ± 0.84 | 2.59 ± 0.84 | 0.868 | 2.57 ± 0.91 | 2.54 ± 0.90 | 0.814 |
| Limited independence in work | 2.04 ± 0.82 | 1.58 ± 0.70 | < 0.001*** | 1.98 ± 0.81 | 1.95 ± 0.79 | 0.697 |
| Ambiguity in work division | 1.59 ± 0.56 | 1.38 ± 0.52 | 0.003** | 1.59 ± 0.59 | 1.52 ± 0.52 | 0.312 |
| Average scores | 2.18 ± 0.49 | 2.02 ± 0.34 | 0.004** | 2.17 ± 0.44 | 2.14 ± 0.44 | 0.642 |
| Dimensional scores | 15.28 ± 3.40 | 14.17 ± 2.37 | 0.004** | 15.19 ± 3.11 | 15.00 ± 3.06 | 0.642 |
| II. Workload and time allocation issues | ||||||
| Excessive workload | 2.23 ± 0.76 | 1.93 ± 0.68 | 0.005** | 2.27 ± 0.72 | 2.18 ± 0.67 | 0.283 |
| Insufficient number of nurses on duty | 2.65 ± 0.82 | 2.51 ± 0.83 | 0.227 | 2.51 ± 0.84 | 2.52 ± 0.82 | 0.932 |
| Lack of time for providing psychological care to patients | 2.86 ± 0.98 | 2.07 ± 0.75 | < 0.001*** | 2.78 ± 0.97 | 2.73 ± 0.97 | 0.660 |
| Excessive non-nursing tasks | 2.52 ± 0.84 | 2.08 ± 0.70 | < 0.001*** | 2.58 ± 0.90 | 2.64 ± 0.92 | 0.603 |
| Excessive paperwork | 2.35 ± 0.82 | 1.96 ± 0.65 | < 0.001*** | 2.55 ± 0.94 | 2.35 ± 0.89 | 0.109 |
| Average scores | 2.52 ± 0.61 | 2.11 ± 0.49 | < 0.001*** | 2.54 ± 0.67 | 2.48 ± 0.51 | 0.461 |
| Dimensional scores | 12.61 ± 3.05 | 10.56 ± 2.45 | < 0.001*** | 12.68 ± 3.35 | 12.42 ± 2.55 | 0.461 |
| III. Work environment and resource issues | ||||||
| Poor working environment | 2.19 ± 1.18 | 1.81 ± 1.15 | 0.024* | 2.15 ± 1.05 | 2.04 ± 0.99 | 0.373 |
| Insufficient medical equipment and instruments | 2.29 ± 1.07 | 2.14 ± 1.12 | 0.300 | 2.16 ± 1.06 | 2.08 ± 1.04 | 0.532 |
| Overcrowded wards | 1.90 ± 0.93 | 1.94 ± 1.14 | 0.800 | 1.98 ± 1.05 | 1.96 ± 1.16 | 0.833 |
| Average scores | 2.13 ± 0.87 | 1.96 ± 0.87 | 0.160 | 2.10 ± 0.89 | 2.02 ± 0.82 | 0.459 |
| Dimensional scores | 6.38 ± 2.60 | 5.89 ± 2.62 | 0.160 | 6.29 ± 2.68 | 6.07 ± 2.47 | 0.459 |
| IV. Patient care issues | ||||||
| Concern about errors and accidents in work | 2.28 ± 0.73 | 1.94 ± 0.52 | < 0.001*** | 2.28 ± 0.74 | 2.13 ± 0.73 | 0.094 |
| Lack of recognition from patients and their families | 2.28 ± 0.73 | 2.15 ± 0.71 | 0.291 | 2.28 ± 0.74 | 2.11 ± 0.67 | 0.139 |
| High severity of patients' conditions | 2.26 ± 0.74 | 2.22 ± 0.69 | 0.621 | 2.22 ± 0.68 | 2.26 ± 0.74 | 0.920 |
| Rudeness from patients' families | 2.27 ± 0.68 | 2.44 ± 0.80 | 0.516 | 2.25 ± 0.71 | 2.39 ± 0.69 | 0.573 |
| Excessive or unreasonable demands from patients | 2.51 ± 0.79 | 2.15 ± 0.62 | 0.081 | 2.44 ± 0.73 | 2.36 ± 0.76 | 0.788 |
| Rudeness from patients | 2.30 ± 0.64 | 2.30 ± 0.69 | 0.702 | 2.39 ± 0.76 | 2.43 ± 0.69 | 1.000 |
| Non-cooperation from patients | 2.34 ± 0.69 | 2.26 ± 0.64 | 0.510 | 2.43 ± 0.64 | 2.34 ± 0.68 | 0.697 |
| Insufficient knowledge to meet patients' and families' psychological needs | 2.31 ± 0.64 | 1.94 ± 0.43 | < 0.001*** | 2.30 ± 0.68 | 2.10 ± 0.58 | 0.028* |
| Lack of knowledge related to patient education | 2.16 ± 0.61 | 1.69 ± 0.57 | < 0.001*** | 2.18 ± 0.63 | 1.90 ± 0.69 | 0.006** |
| Concern that nursing procedures may cause patient pain | 1.97 ± 0.60 | 1.94 ± 0.63 | 0.070 | 2.05 ± 0.68 | 2.07 ± 0.73 | 0.470 |
| Sudden death of patients under care | 2.12 ± 0.79 | 1.52 ± 0.58 | 0.240 | 2.13 ± 0.73 | 1.61 ± 0.70 | 0.769 |
| Average scores | 2.19 ± 0.40 | 2.05 ± 0.30 | 0.004** | 2.21 ± 0.47 | 2.15 ± 0.37 | 0.272 |
| Dimensional scores | 24.11 ± 4.38 | 22.55 ± 3.34 | 0.004** | 24.27 ± 5.16 | 23.70 ± 4.06 | 0.272 |
| V. Management and interpersonal relationship issues | ||||||
| Lack of understanding and respect from other healthcare staff | 1.87 ± 0.72 | 1.72 ± 0.67 | 0.099 | 1.88 ± 0.73 | 1.81 ± 0.66 | 0.484 |
| Insufficient understanding and support from nursing managers | 1.59 ± 0.58 | 1.55 ± 0.57 | 0.630 | 1.60 ± 0.58 | 1.56 ± 0.53 | 0.544 |
| Excessive criticism from nursing managers | 1.51 ± 0.51 | 1.49 ± 0.50 | 0.747 | 1.51 ± 0.52 | 1.55 ± 0.52 | 0.566 |
| Excessive scrutiny from doctors regarding nursing work | 1.57 ± 0.53 | 1.34 ± 0.47 | < 0.001*** | 1.56 ± 0.52 | 1.52 ± 0.50 | 0.549 |
| Lack of understanding and support among colleagues | 1.50 ± 0.58 | 1.47 ± 0.57 | 0.807 | 1.51 ± 0.58 | 1.43 ± 0.52 | 0.226 |
| Conflicts with nursing managers | 1.35 ± 0.48 | 1.31 ± 0.46 | 0.633 | 1.36 ± 0.48 | 1.37 ± 0.49 | 0.863 |
| Difficult working relationships with certain ward nurses | 1.40 ± 0.49 | 1.39 ± 0.49 | 0.494 | 1.39 ± 0.49 | 1.38 ± 0.49 | 0.880 |
| Conflicts with doctors | 1.39 ± 0.50 | 1.39 ± 0.51 | 0.882 | 1.39 ± 0.49 | 1.48 ± 0.63 | 0.205 |
| Lack of a cooperative and friendly atmosphere among colleagues | 1.42 ± 0.53 | 1.35 ± 0.48 | 0.105 | 1.41 ± 0.53 | 1.36 ± 0.48 | 0.426 |
| Average scores | 1.51 ± 0.37 | 1.44 ± 0.31 | 0.081 | 1.51 ± 0.34 | 1.50 ± 0.36 | 0.692 |
| Dimensional scores | 13.61 ± 3.37 | 12.99 ± 2.81 | 0.081 | 13.61 ± 3.07 | 13.47 ± 3.24 | 0.692 |
| Total average score | 2.06 ± 0.36 | 1.89 ± 0.28 | < 0.001*** | 2.06 ± 0.35 | 2.02 ± 0.32 | 0.329 |
| Total scores | 72.01 ± 12.51 | 66.16 ± 9.82 | < 0.001*** | 72.04 ± 12.29 | 70.65 ± 11.32 | 0.329 |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
SNIS-SMH smart nursing information system based on 5G medical private network and supporting mobile hardware
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001