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. 2025 Jan 27;12:1540633. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1540633

Table 2.

Incidence and risk of major depression in patients with chronic kidney disease at a 3-year follow-up: comparison between patients with vitamin D deficiency and those without.

Follow-up
time
VDD group
(n = 17,955)
Event (%)
Control group
(n = 17,955)
Event (%)
HR (95%) Log-rank test
1-year 191 (1.06%) 105 (0.59%) 1.929 (1.52, 2.448) < 0.0001
2-year 247 (1.38%) 155 (0.86%) 1.715 (1.403, 2.097) < 0.0001
3-year 288 (1.60%) 194 (1.08%) 1.603 (1.337, 1.924) < 0.0001
3 month–1 year 103 (0.57%) 68 (0.38%) 1.646 (1.212,2.236) 0.0013
3 month–2 year 162 (0.90%) 120 (0.67%) 1.484 (1.172,1.879) 0.001
3 month–3 year 205 (1.15%) 174 (0.98%) 1.291 (1.055,1.58) 0.013

VDD, vitamin D deficiency; HR, hazard ratio.