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. 2025 Jan 27;12:1540633. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1540633

Table 3.

Subgroup analyses based on sex and severity of CKD.

Subgroup VDD group
Event (%)
Control group
Event (%)
HR (95%) Log-rank test
Female (n = 8,197) 115 (1.4%) 69 (0.8%) 1.761 (1.307, 2.374) 0.0002
Male (n = 9,119) 71 (0.7%) 33 (0.3%) 2.264 (1.498, 3.421) < 0.0001
CKD stage 1–2 (n = 3,257) 86 (2.6%) 46 (1.4%) 1.977 (1.382, 2.829) 0.0001
CKD stage 3–5 (n = 14,460) 167 (1.1%) 90 (0.6%) 1.981 (1.533, 2.559) < 0.0001

CKD, chronic kidney disease.