Table 1.
Most common dysmorphic features reported in 374 IMDs according to six organ groups. For details also see Supplemental Table S2.
| Head and face | % | Nose and philtrum | % | Mouth and tongue | % | Other | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micrognathia | 13.8 | Broad nasal bridge | 14.9 | High arched palate | 15.5 | Short stature | 44.1 |
| Coarse face | 13.3 | Depressed nasal bridge | 14.1 | Cleft palate | 12.1 | Hernias | 11.0 |
| Retrognathia | 5.9 | Long philtrum | 11.2 | Thin upper lip | 11.6 | Inverted nipples | 9.3 |
| High forehead | 5.7 | Anteverted nares | 7.2 | Slender upper lip | 6.0 | Short neck | 9.3 |
| Midface hypoplasia | 5.7 | Bulbous nose | 5.6 | Wide mouth | 4.3 | Hypospadias | 3.4 |
| Facial dysmorphism | 4.4 | Short nose | 5.6 | Open mouth | 3.4 | Retrognathia | 2.5 |
| Long face | 4.2 | Short philtrum | 4.4 | Small mouth | 3.4 | Kyphosis | 1.7 |
| Frontal bossing | 3.7 | High nasal bridge | 3.6 | Thin lips | 3.4 | Loose, wrinkled skin | 1.7 |
| Bitemporal narrowing | 3.4 | Prominent nose | 2.8 | Macroglossia | 3.0 | Pectus carinatum | 1.7 |
| Triangular face | 3.4 | Broad nose | 2.4 | Tented upper lip | 3.0 | Short limbs | 1.7 |
| Periorbital region | % | Ear | % | Hands and feet | % | Supernumerary nipple | 1.7 |
| Widely spaced eyes | 16.6 | Low set ears | 41.2 | Clubfoot | 16.0 | Widely spaced nipples | 1.7 |
| Epicanthal fold | 12.5 | Large ears | 12.1 | Syndactyly | 8.4 | Aged appearance | 0.8 |
| Hypertelorism | 8.2 | Square ears | 8.5 | Clinodactyly | 6.9 | Barrel-shaped chest | 0.8 |
| Microphthalmia | 6.6 | Posteriorly rotated ears | 7.3 | Long digits | 6.9 | Brachycephaly | 0.8 |
| Strabismus | 6.0 | Dysplastic ears | 6.7 | Camptodactyly | 5.3 | Broad neck | 0.8 |
| Deeply set eyes | 5.6 | Prominent ears | 3.6 | Brachydactyly | 3.1 | Congenital hip dislocation | 0.8 |
| Down-slanting palpebral fissures | 5.6 | Cupped ears | 3.0 | Tapered digits | 3.1 | Cryptorchidism | 0.8 |
| Up-slanting palpebral fissures | 5.3 | Large malformed ears | 2.4 | Adducted thumbs | 2.3 | Dwarfism | 0.8 |
| Synophrys | 2.5 | Macrotia | 2.4 | Nail hypoplasia | 2.3 | Microdontia | 0.8 |
| Esotropia | 2.2 | Large lobes | 1.8 | Short metacarpals | 2.3 | Mongolian spot | 0.8 |