Table 3.
Factors associated with incident opioid use (incidence rate ratio, 95% confidence interval, CI) Effect estimates for adjustment covariates for the incident IBD cohort.
| Variable | Effect estimate | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Age 45-64 vs 18-44 | 0.80 | (0.75, 0.84) |
| Age 65+ vs 18-44 | 0.69 | (0.64, 0.75) |
| Female vs male | 0.92 | (0.87, 0.96) |
| Urban vs rural | 1.00 | (0.95, 1.05) |
| ADG 1 vs 0 | 1.17 | (1.09, 1.25) |
| ADG 2+ vs 0 | 1.34 | (1.13, 1.58) |
| ATC4 drug classes 2-3 vs 0-1 | 1.20 | (1.13, 1.28) |
| ATC4 drug classes 4+ vs 0-1 | 1.31 | (1.21, 1.41) |
| Prior IBD-specific procedure | 1.04 | (0.84, 1.28) |
| Prior physician visits: 4-7 vs 0-3 | 1.29 | (1.21, 1.38) |
| Prior physician visits: 8 or more vs 0-3 | 1.37 | (1.26, 1.48) |
| SEFI: Poorest vs. Richest quartile | 1.11 | (1.03, 1.19) |
| IBD disease duration among cases (1 extra year) | 0.88 | (0.87, 0.89) |
| IBD diagnosis year | 0.93 | (0.93, 0.94) |
| CASE*PSYCH interaction term | 0.87 | (0.71, 1.07) |
Abbreviations: ADG, John Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group System Aggregated Diagnosis Groups; ATC4, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System 4; SEFI, Socioeconomic Factor Index; CASE*PSYCH interaction term, IBD case vs, reference cohort, with and without anxiety and/or mood disorders.