Fig 1. Viability of chondrocytes after treatment with P. semirufa bristle extract.

Human chondrocytes were cultured in 96-well plates at a concentration of 7.5 × 10⁴ cells/mL and treated with bristle extract at concentrations of 15 and 60 µg/mL for periods of 1 (A), 6 (B), and 24 (C) hours. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Data are representative of two experiments conducted in triplicate, with results expressed as the mean of replicates ± standard error of percentage cell viability. (*) indicate p < 0.05 when treatments with the extract were compared to the positive control (IL-1β) and negative control (PBS), respectively, using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.