Table 3.

Miscellaneous nano-agents for treatment of melanoma

Formulation	Tested on	Results	References
(Dacarbazine encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles)-enveloped in folic acid-grafted liposomes	Human melanoma cell line A875 Mouse melanoma cell line B16/F10	Significant improvement against lung metastasis of melanoma via targeting melanoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages	Liu et al. (2017)
[Porous silicon-based micro/nano composite loaded with BRAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) siRNA-containing liposomes]- conjugated with docetaxel-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles	Melanoma cell line A375 Mice-bearing A375SM melanoma lung metastases	Superior therapeutic efficacy and increased accumulation in metastatic melanoma lesions in the lungs	Mi et al. (2016)
Curcumin-loaded silica mesoporous nanoparticles	B16F10 mouse melanoma cells	Biocompatible in non-cancerous CHO cell line Significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells by generating ROS and downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins	Bollu et al. (2016)
Titanium-dioxide-nanoparticle–gold-nanocluster–graphene heterogeneous nanocomposites	B16F1-tumor-xenograft-bearing mice	Under irradiation, triggered intracellular ROS production, glutathione depletion, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, resulting in severe cell death Significantly inhibited tumor growth and caused severe pathological tumor tissue changes	Cheng et al. (2017)
Cholrambucil-loaded liposomes/albumin hybrid nanoparticles	B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice	Better tumor-targeting capacity and significantly increased drug accumulation in tumor Longest median survival of treated group: 30 days	Zhang et al. (2017)
N-lauryl glucosamine coated Doxorubicin-loaded niosomes	Melanoma-bearing BDF mice model	Commendable targeting potential with significant reduction in tumor volume and higher survival rate	Pawar et al. (2016)
Acridine orange charged exosomes	Monolayer and spheroid models of melanoma cells lines Me 30,966	Taken much more rapidly by melanoma cells and retained for longer time Enhanced anti-cancer effect of acridine orange by increasing exposure time of target cells Significant tumoricidal action sparing normal cells	Iessi et al. (2017)