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. 2025 Jan 29;15:1448487. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1448487

Table 2.

Suitability and understandability of terms for the assessment of sex assigned at birth.

How suitable are the following terms to assess the sex of patients or participants in clinical and other research studies?
Terms First survey Second survey
Answer Scale
Very suitable
n (%)
Suitable
n (%)
Less
suitable n (%)
Not
suitable n (%)
Very
suitable n (%)
Suitable n (%) Less
suitable n (%)
Not
suitable n (%)
Femalea 13 (76.6) 4 (23.5)
Malea 13 (76.6) 4 (23.5)
Intersexa 11 (64.7) 4 (23.5) 2 (11.8)
Diversea 3 (17.6) 1 (5.9) 4 (23.5) 9 (52.9)
Womanb 1 (5.9) 6 (35.3) 2 (11.8) 8 (47.1) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 8 (80.0)
Manb 1 (5.9) 6 (35.3) 2 (11.8) 8 (47.1) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 8 (80.0)
Transgendera 2 (11.8) 1 (5.9) 4 (23.5) 10 (58.8)
Trans womana 2 (11.8) 1 (5.9) 4 (23.5) 10 (58.8)
Trans mana 2 (11.8) 1 (5.9) 4 (23.5) 10 (58.8)
Trans-masculinea 2 (11.8) 2 (11.8) 2 (11.8) 11 (64.7)
Trans-femininea 2 (11.8) 2 (11.8) 2 (11.8) 11 (64.7)
Nonbinarya 3 (17.6) 2 (11.8) 2 (11.8) 10 (58.8)
Genderqueera 2 (11.8) 1 (5.9) 3 (17.6) 11 (64.7)
Genderfluida 2 (11.8) 1 (5.9) 3 (17.6) 11 (64.7)
Agendera 2 (11.8) 1 (5.9) 3 (17.6) 11 (64.7)
Something other than male or femaleb 2 (11.8) 4 (23.5) 3 (17.6) 8 (47.1) 1 (10.0) 2 (20.0) 7 (70.0)
Sometimes male, sometimes femalea 1 (5.9) 3 (17.6) 13 (76.5)
Person with vaginab,c 3 (30.0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 5 (50.0)
Person with uterusb,c 3 (30.0) 2 (20.0) 5 (50.0)
Person with penisb,c 3 (30.0) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 5 (50.0)
How easy to understand are the following terms when assessing sex?
Answer Scale
Very easy
n (%)
Moderately easy
n (%)
Moderately difficult
n (%)
Very difficult n (%) Very easy
n (%)
Moderately easy
n (%)
Moderately difficult
n (%)
Very
difficult n (%)
Femalea 15 (88.2) 1 (5.9) 1 (5.9)
Malea 15 (88.2) 1 (5.9) 1 (5.9)
Intersexb 4 (23.5) 6 (35.3) 6 (35.3) 1 (5.9) 4 (40.0) 3 (30.0) 3 (30.0)
Diversea 2 (11.8) 7 (41.2) 8 (47.1)
Womana 8 (47.1) 4 (23.5) 3 (17.6) 2 (11.8)
Mana 8 (47.1) 4 (23.5) 3 (17.6) 2 (11.8)
Transgender 3 (17.6) 5 (29.4) 6 (35.3) 3 (17.6) 1 (10.0) 4 (40.0) 1 (10.0) 4 (40.0)
Trans womanb 2 (11.8) 4 (23.5) 8 (47.1) 3 (17.6) 1 (10.0) 6 (60.0) 2 (20.0) 1 (10.0)
Trans mana 2 (11.8) 3 (17.6) 9 (52.9) 3 (17.6)
Trans-masculinea 1 (5.9) 1 (5.9) 11 (64.7) 4 (23.5)
Trans-femininea 1 (5.9) 1 (5.9) 11 (64.7) 4 (23.5)
Nonbinaryb 6 (35.3) 6 (35.3) 5 (29.4) 1 (10.0) 1 (10.0) 4 (40.0) 4 (40.0)
Genderqueera 1 (5.9) 9 (52.9) 7 (41.2)
Genderfluida 9 (52.9) 8 (47.1)
Agendera 1 (5.9) 8 (47.1) 8 (47.1)
Something other than male or female 2 (11.8) 5 (29.4) 5 (29.4) 5 (29.4) 2 (20.0) 3 (30.0) 4 (40.0) 1 (10.0)
Sometimes male, sometimes femalea 1 (6.3) 2 (12.5) 7 (43.8) 6 (37.5)

Terms in bold achieved a consensus of ≥70% in one of the two surveys, aterms reached a consensus in survey 1 and were not queried again, bterms reached a consensus in survey 2, cterms were requested by the experts and were newly introduced in the 2nd survey.