Table 2.
Relationships between clinicopathologic variables and distant metastasis in patients with PTC
| Variable | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age at diagnosis (≥45 years vs. <45 years) | 0.92 (0.51–1.65) | 0.776 | ||
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.36 (0.70–2.67) | 0.363 | ||
| Diameter of largest primary tumor (mm)* | – | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.896 |
| Histology (variant vs. classical) | 4.31 (2.32–8.02) | <0.001 | 3.31 (1.42–7.73) | 0.006 |
| Tumor foci (multifocal vs. unifocal) | 2.69 (1.49–4.86) | 0.001 | 1.45 (0.65–3.26) | 0.367 |
| Lymphovascular invasion (present vs. absent) | 4.20 (1.88–9.37) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.37–3.54) | 0.82 |
| Minimal extrathyroid extension (present vs. absent) | 3.77 (1.99–7.14) | <0.001 | 1.79 (0.68–4.68) | 0.236 |
| Macroscopic extrathyroid extension (T4) (present vs. absent) | 8.62 (3.07–24.22) | <0.001 | 3.79 (0.93–15.46) | 0.064 |
| CNLN (present vs. absent) | 12.70 (6.45–25.01) | <0.001 | 7.13 (2.73–18.58) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic lymph node (present vs. absent) | 2.35 (1.18–4.66) | 0.012 | 0.68 (0.16–2.85) | 0.597 |
| No. of metastatic lymph nodes* | – | 0.003 | 1.09 (1.0-1.18) | 0.052 |
| Central LNM (present vs. absent) | 1.27 (0.70–2.32) | 0.431 | ||
| Lateral LNM (present vs. absent) | 9.33 (5.0-17.40) | <0.001 | 4.02 (1.25–12.95) | 0.02 |
Histology variant of PTC, including the trabecular subtype, follicular variant, solid variant, diffused sclerosing variant, tall-cell variant, and columnar cell variant
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
*Continuous variables were analyzed with the independent Student’s t test, and categorical variables were analyzed with the Pearson Chi-square test