Figure 2.

Phylogeny and frequency distributions of Hg J and its main subclades (panels A–F). The numbering of mutations is according to the YCC (YCC 2002; Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2003). To the left of the phylogeny, the ages (in 1,000 years) of the boxed mutations are reported, with their SEs (Zhivotovsky et al. 2004). With the exception of the age relative to the 12f2 mutation, which has been estimated as T_D (with V₀=0) between the combined data of the two sister clades Hg J-M267 and Hg J-M172, the other values have been determined as ASD, as described in figure 1. The 12f2a marker was examined as an RFLP by Southern blotting (Passarino et al. 1998); the other mutations were investigated in hierarchical order by use of DHPLC methodology (Underhill et al. 2001). Three new mutations, M327, M280, and M390, were found in this study. M327 is a T→C transition at np 404 within the STS containing mutation M92, M280 is a G→A transition at np 330 within the STS containing the mutation M67, and M390 is an A insertion after nt 175 in the STS containing the M365 mutation. Conventions used are the same as for figure 1. The frequency surfaces were drawn using the data reported in table 2 and, for Hg J (panel A), also the data from Rosser et al. (2000), Quintana-Murci et al. (2001), and Scozzari et al. (2001).