Table 1.

Description of the Populations Included in the Study

Population	Code	n	Location	Language Family
Turkisha	AN	50	Anatolia, Turkey	Altaic
Caucasusa	CC	58	Georgia	Caucasian (north/south)
Persian	PE	42	Central and southern central Iran	Indo-European
Turkish	TI	40	Mostly eastern and western Azerbaijan	Altaic
Gilaki	GI	37	Northern Iran, southwestern Caspian Sea area	Indo-European
Mazandarian	MA	21	Northern Iran, southeastern Caspian Sea area	Indo-European
Kurdish	KI	20	Western Iran	Indo-European
Lur	LU	17	Southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains)	Indo-European
Baluch	BA	39	Southwestern Pakistan, Baluchistan	Indo-European
Brahui	BR	38	Southwestern Pakistan, Baluchistan	Dravidian
Parsi	PA	44	Southeastern Pakistan, Karachi	Indo-European
Sindhi	SI	23	Southeastern Pakistan, Sindh	Indo-European
Pakistania	KA	100	Karachi, Southeastern Pakistan	Indo-European
Pathan	PT	44	North West Frontier Province and Balochistan	Indo-European
Makrani	MK	33	South Pakistan, Makran Coast	Indo-European
Hazara	HZ	23	North West Frontier Province and Balochistan	Indo-European
Hunza Burusho	HU	44	Northern Pakistan, Karakorum Mountains	Language isolate
Kalash	KL	44	North West Frontier Province	Indo-European
Gujarati	GJ	34	Northwestern India, Gujarat	Indo-European
Uzbek	UZ	42	Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan	Altaic
Turkmen	TK	41	Turkmenistan	Altaic
Kurdish	KT	32	Turkmenistan	Indo-European
Shugnan	SH	44	High Pamirs, Tajikistan	Indo-European

^aThese samples consist of mixed groups (see the “Materials and Methods” section for a detailed description) that were used in the initial step of the study.