Table 3.
Effect of physical activity on the prevention of depressive symptoms in menopausal women.
| Outcome | Number of studies | SMD (95%CI) | p | I2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms | 6 | −1.23 (−2.21, −0.24) | 0.015 | 94.4% | |
| Sensitivity analysis | −1.23 (−2.21, −0.24) | ||||
| Exercise intensity | |||||
| Moderate | 3 | −1.57(−3.71, 0.57) | 0.150 | 96.7% | |
| Low | 1 | −1.63 (−2.03, −1.23) | <0.001 | 0.0% | |
| Exercise form | |||||
| IE | 4 | −1.32 (−2.90,0.25) | 0.100 | 96.2% | |
| TE | 2 | −1.04 (−2.26,0.18) | 0.093 | 89.1% | |
| Intervention duration | |||||
| > 12 weeks | 3 | −2.06 (−3.44, −0.68) | 0.003 | 95.7% | |
| ≤ 12 weeks | 3 | −0.32 (−0.72,0.08) | 0.113 | 0.2% | |
| Supervised | |||||
| Yes | 4 | −1.59 (−2.91, −0.27) | 0.018 | 95.1% | |
| No | 2 | −0.51 (−1.46, 0.45) | 1.299 | 81.5% | |
| Types of scale | |||||
| BDI | 1 | −3.59 (−4.17, −3.01) | <0.001 | 0.0% | |
| GDS | 2 | −0.32 (−1.01, 0.36) | 0.359 | 48.9% | |
| CES-D | 1 | −1.63 (-2.03, −1.23) | <0.001 | 0.0% | |
| SDS | 1 | −0.97 (−1.49, −0.46) | <0.001 | 0.0% | |
| DASS-21 | 1 | −0.39 (−1.09, 0.31) | 0.279 | 0.0% | |
| Sample size | |||||
| ≥100 | 2 | −2.60 (−4.51, −0.68) | 0.008 | 96.6 | |
| <100 | 4 | −0.53 (−0.98, −0.09) | 0.019 | 48.3 | |
| Geographical region | |||||
| Europe | 1 | −3.59 (−4.17, −3.01) | <0.001 | 0.0 | |
| East Asia | 4 | −0.86 (−1.57, −0.15) | 0.018 | 84.6 | |
| Middle East | 1 | −0.39 (−1.09, 0.31) | 0.279 | 0.0 | |
SMD, standard mean difference; CI, confidence interval; IE, individual exercise; TE, team exercise; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale.