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. 2025 Feb 4;69(1):1–9. doi: 10.1007/s10384-024-01141-8

Table 2.

Positions of the rectus muscle pulleys

Group Positions of the rectus muscle pulley: mean ± SD (mm)
LR pulley SR pulley IR pulley MR pulley
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical
SES 10.15 ± 0.59 – 3.46 ± 1.54 – 0.90 ± 0.81 10.83 ± 0.97 – 4.21 ± 1.10 – 12.38 ± 1.32 – 12.71 ± 0.78 – 1.85 ± 1.57
Young healthy participants [11] 10.16 ± 0.84 – 1.99 ± 1.07 – 1.56 ± 0.82 10.65 ± 0.86 – 4.48 ± 0.98 – 12.33 ± 0.84 – 13.22 ± 0.74 – 1.11 ± 0.98
P-value* 0.77 < 0.01 0.04 0.36 0.62 0.82 0.10 0.18

LR lateral rectus, SR superior rectus, IR inferior rectus, MR medial rectus, SD standard deviation, SES patients with sagging eye syndrome

*Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction